Psychiatry Investig.  2021 Jul;18(7):688-694. 10.30773/pi.2020.0427.

The Effects of Inhumane Treatment in North Korean Detention Facilities on the Posttraumatic-Stress Disorder Symptoms of North Korean Refugees

• Lee SH
• Noh JW
• Kim KB
• Lee HW
• Jun JY
• Lee WW

• KMID: 2518586
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2020.0427

Abstract

Objective
The study investigated the effects of severe human rights abuses in North Korean on Posttraumatic-stress disorder (PTSD) in North Korean Refugees (NKRs).
Methods
The study included 300 NKRs (245 females and 55 males) who completed self-report questionnaires that assessed PTSD, experiences of imprisonment, and exposure to inhumane treatment, by authorities in North Korea. A moderation analysis was conducted using a hierarchical multiple regression model to determine whether a moderation effect existed. In the next step, a post-hoc probing procedure of the moderation effect was performed using multiple regression models that included conditional moderator variables.
Results
The influence of the frequency of being imprisoned on PTSD varied as a function of recurrent exposure to inhumane treatment or punishment by authorities. Experiences of imprisonment were associated with PTSD only among those who were exposed to recurrent violence, such as beating or torture, by North Korean authorities.
Conclusion
The present findings highlight the significant effects of human rights violations, such as the inhumane treatment of prisoners in North Korea, on the PTSD of NKRs.

Keyword

PTSD, North Korean refugees, Inhumane treatment, Imprisonment, Beating