J Obes Metab Syndr.
2021 Jun;30(2):155-162. 10.7570/jomes20110.
The Risk of Multimorbidity Associated with Overweight and Obesity: Data from the Brazilian National Health Survey 2013
- Affiliations
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- 1Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- 2Superintendence of Health Surveillance, Goiás State Health Department, Goiás, Brazil
- 3The Third Regional Health Coordination, Pelotas, Brazil
- 4Faculty of Medicine, Goiás Federal University, Goiânia, Brazil
- 5São Paulo Municipal Health Department, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- 6Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health, School of Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- 7Department of Nursing in Collective Health and the Postgraduate Program in Nursing at the Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- KMID: 2517320
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.7570/jomes20110
Abstract
- Background
An increase in body mass index (BMI) is strongly associated with the occurrence of multimorbidity, and overweight and obesity are contributing factors for the increase in morbidities. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of multimorbidity and associated factors in Brazilian adults with and without overweight or obesity.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional population-based study with data from the National Health Survey (2013) including individuals aged 18 years or older. Multimorbidity was defined as having ≥2 diseases from the list of 15 morbidities on the self-reported questionnaire (self-reported medical diagnosis in life). BMI was categorized as: ≤24.9 kg/m2 (low weight and eutrophy), 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 (overweight), and ≥30.0 kg/m2 (obesity). Sex, age, and schooling were the covariates. Poisson regression was used for crude and adjusted analyses for the variables representing access to health services estimating the prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
Results
The total sample consisted of 59,402 individuals. The prevalence of multimorbidity was 25% overall and was higher among overweight (25.8%) and obese (32.5%) individuals. Obese women 60 years or older had a higher occurrence of multimorbidity (80%). In the adjusted analysis, a lower prevalence of multimorbidity was observed among those with higher educational levels in all BMI classifications: low weight/eutrophy, PR= 0.66 (95% CI, 0.58–0.75); overweight, PR= 0.62 (95% CI, 0.56–0.70); and obesity, PR= 0.75 (95% CI, 0.67–0.85).
Conclusion
A higher prevalence of multimorbidity was found among obese women who were 60 years of age or older. Schooling was an associated factor regardless of BMI.
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