Ann Clin Neurophysiol.  2021 Apr;23(1):7-16. 10.14253/acn.2021.23.1.7.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation parameters as neurophysiological biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease

• Lee J
• Lee AY

• KMID: 2515603
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.14253/acn.2021.23.1.7

Abstract

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a safe and noninvasive tool for investigating the cortical excitability of the human brain and the neurophysiological functions of GABAergic, glutamatergic, and cholinergic neural circuits. Neurophysiological biomarkers based on TMS parameters can provide information on the pathophysiology of dementia, and be used to diagnose Alzheimer’s disease and differentiate different types of dementia. This review introduces the basic principles of TMS, TMS devices and stimulating paradigms, several neurophysiological measurements, and the clinical implications of TMS for Alzheimer’s disease.

Keyword

Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Alzheimer’s disease; Diagnosis; Treatment

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1. Effects of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) according to cortical areas. dlPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; CGIC, clinical global impressions of change.

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