Pediatr Infect Vaccine.  2021 Apr;28(1):31-41. 10.14776/piv.2021.28.e5.

Evaluation of Interferon-gamma Release Assay in Children with Confirmed Tuberculosis

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, the Republic of Korea

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of the QuantiFERON-TB Gold InTube (QFT-GIT) in children with confirmed tuberculosis (TB).
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children aged ≤18 years who underwent both QFT-GIT and Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture between 2006 and 2017. Confirmed TB was defined as the presence of at least one positive specimen for M. tuberculosis on culture or a nucleic acid amplification test.
Results
Of the 582 patients included in the analysis, 48 were confirmed to have TB. The sensitivity and specificity of QFT-GIT for the diagnosis of confirmed TB were 85.4% and 95.5%, respectively. Among children with confirmed TB, the proportion in the immunocompromised state was higher in the QFT-GIT negative group than in the QFT-GIT positive group (50.0% vs. 5.7%, P=0.010). The median age at sampling was lower in the QFTGIT indeterminate group than in the QFT-GIT positive group (7 years vs. 17 years, P=0.008), and the proportion of immunosuppression was higher in the QFT-GIT indeterminate group than in the QFT-GIT positive group (42.9% vs. 5.7%, P=0.017). The interferon gamma response to mitogen control was significantly higher in the 10–18 years group than in the 0–9 years group (P<0.001), and was significantly higher in the immunocompetent group than in the immunocompromised group (P=0.001).
Conclusion
The QFT-GIT results should be interpreted carefully in immunocompromised or younger children suspected of having TB.

Keyword

Tuberculosis; Interferon-gamma release assay; Children
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