Korean J Orthod.  2021 Jan;51(1):15-22. 10.4041/kjod.2021.51.1.15.

Relationship between vertical components of maxillary molar and craniofacial frame in normal occlusion: Cephalometric calibration on the vertical axis of coordinates

• Han AR
• Kim J
• Yang IH

• KMID: 2510614
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4041/kjod.2021.51.1.15

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the vertical position of maxillary first molar and vertical skeletal measurements in lateral cephalograms by using new linear measurements on the vertical axis of coordinates with calibration.
Methods
The vertical position of maxillary first molar (U6-SN), and the conventionally used variables (ConV) and the newly derived linear variables (NwLin) for vertical skeletal patterns were measured in the lateral cephalograms of 103 Korean adults with normal occlusions. Pearson correlation analyses and multiple linear regression analyses were performed with and without calibration using the anterior and posterior cranial base (ACB and PCB, respectively) lengths to identify variables related to U6-SN.
Results
The PCB-calibrated statistics showed the best power of explanation. ConV indicating skeletal hyperdivergency was significantly correlated with U6-SN. Six NwLin regarding the position of palatal plane were positively correlated with U6-SN. Each multiple linear regression analysis generated a two-variable model: sella and nasion to palatal plane. Among the three models, the PCBcalibrated model yielded highest adjusted R² value, 0.880.
Conclusions
U6-SN could be determined by the vertical position of the maxilla, which could then be used to plan the amount of molar intrusion and estimate its clinical stability. Cephalometric calibration on the vertical axis of coordinates by using PCB for vertical linear measurements could strengthen the analysis itself.

Keyword

Cephalometrics; Diagnosis and treatment planning; Vertical analysis; Maxillary molars

Figure

• 

  Figure 1 Cephalometric landmarks. S, sella; N, nasion; Or, orbitale; Po, porion; Ar, articulare; Ba, basion; Pt, pterygoid; Ptm, pterygomaxillary fissure; Go, gonion; Pog, pogonion; Gn, gnathion; Me, menton; ANS, anterior nasal spine; PNS, posterior nasal spine; A, A point; B, B point; U1, incisal tip of upper incisors; U6, mesiobuccal cusp of the upper first molars; L1, incisal tip of the lower incisors. Reference planes. SN, Sella-nasion; FH, porion-orbitale; ANS-PNS, palatal plane; U1-U6, occlusal plane; Go-Me, mandibular plane; nasion-pogonion, facial plane; sella-gnathion, Y axis.

• 

  Figure 2 Vertical linear measurements used exclusively in this study: 1, Po to palatal plane; 2, Ar to palatal plane; 3, S to palatal plane (posterior component of the maxilla); 4, Ptm to palatal plane; 5, Or to palatal plane; 6, N to palatal plane (anterior component of the maxilla). See Figure 1 for definition of each landmark.

• 

  Figure 3 Final variables included in the regression models. Posterior component of the maxilla (sella to palatal plane); anterior component of the maxilla (nasion to palatal plane).

• 

  Figure 4 Three-dimensional wireframe plots of the final linear regression model with the posterior component of the maxilla (sella to palatal plane) and the anterior component of the maxilla (nasion to palatal plane) to predict the vertical position of the maxillary first molar (U6-SN), calibrated to the posterior cranial base length.

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