J Neurogastroenterol Motil.  2021 Jan;27(1):119-126. 10.5056/jnm20024.

External Anal Sphincter Fatigability: An Electromyographic and Manometric Study in Patients With Anorectal Disorders

• Grasland M
• Turmel N
• Pouyau C
• Leroux C
• Charlanes A
• Chesnel C
• Breton FL
• Sheikh-Ismael S
• Amarenco G
• Hentzen C

• KMID: 2510069
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5056/jnm20024

Abstract

Background/Aims
External anal sphincter (EAS) plays an important role in fecal and gas voluntary continence. Like every muscle, it can be affected by repeated efforts due to fatigability (physiological response) and/or fatigue (pathological response). No standardized fatiguing protocol and measure method to assess EAS fatigability has existed. The aim is to test a simple, standardized protocol for fatiguing and measuring EAS fatigability and fatigue to understand better the part of EAS fatigability in the pathophysiology of fecal incontinence.
Methods
Patients with anorectal disorders evaluated with anorectal manometry were included. They had to perform 10 repetitions of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) of 20 seconds. Measurement was made with an anorectal manometry catheter and a surface recording electromyography (EMG). The primary outcome was the difference in EMG root mean square between the first and the last MVC. Secondary outcomes were differences in other EMG and manometry parameters between the first and the last MVC. Difficulties and adverse effects were recorded.
Results
Nineteen patients underwent the fatiguing protocol. All patients completed the entire protocol and no complications were found. No difficulty was declared by the examiner. A significant decrease in root mean square was found between the first and last MVC (0.01020 ± 0.00834 mV vs 0.00661 ± 0.00587 mV; P = 0.002), in maximum anal pressure area under the curve of continuous recordings of anal pressure and mean and total EMG power (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
This protocol is simple and minimally invasive to measure EAS fatigue and fatigability. We highlighted a fatigue of EAS in many patients with anorectal disorders.

Keyword

Anal sphincter; Electromyography; Fecal incontinence; Manometry; Muscle fatigue