Infect Chemother.  2020 Dec;52(4):530-538. 10.3947/ic.2020.52.4.530.

The Outcome of Fungal Pneumonia with Hematological Cancer

• Eren E
• Alp E
• Cevahir F
• Tok T
• Kılıç AU
• Kaynar L
• Yüksel RC

• KMID: 2509884
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2020.52.4.530

Abstract

Background
Fungal pneumonia is a common infectious complication of hematological cancer (HC) patients. In this retrospective study, the objective was set to identify the risk factors and outcome of fungal pneumonia in adult HC patients.
Materials and Methods
This retrospective study was conducted with adult (>16 years) HC patients from January 2017 and December 2018.
Results
During the study period, of 181 patients included 76 were diagnosed with fungal pneumonia. The most common HC was identified as acute myeloid leukaemia (40%). Of the participating patients, 52 (29%) were hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients.The median age of patients with fungal pneumonia was significantly greater: 57 vs. 48 (odds ratio [OR]: 1.08) and they had longer hospitalization durations (OR: 1.14). Overall, 37 patients (20%) died, and 28-day mortality was significantly greater among patients with fungal pneumonia than without fungal pneumonia (33% vs. 11%). The most significant risk factors for mortality in fungal pneumonia were identified as need of intensive care unit (ICU) (OR: 191.2, P <0.001) and the need of vasopressor support (OR:81.6, P <0.012). ICU-mortality was (88%).
Conclusion
Fungal pneumonia is a lethal complication in HC patients. Intensive care need is the most important predictive factor for mortality.

Keyword

Hematological cancer; Intensive care; Fungal pneumonia