Korean J Orthod.  2020 Nov;50(6):363-372. 10.4041/kjod.2020.50.6.363.

Part I. What drives Korean adults to seek orthodontic treatment: Reliability and validity of a measurement instrument for the perception of orthodontic treatment

• Oh MH
• Kim EA
• Park AH
• Kim M
• Cho JH

• KMID: 2508445
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4041/kjod.2020.50.6.363

Abstract

Objective
To develop a standardized instrument to measure the level of cognition for orthodontic treatment in adults, and verify its reliability and validity for assessing perceptions of orthodontic treatment in adults.
Methods
A total of 406 adults aged 19–64 years were surveyed by an internet research system. A tool was developed through the instrument development and verification stages. The data were analyzed by correlation analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and Cronbach’s α test.
Results
The instrument consisted of 11 items covering four factors related to orthodontic treatment. Three items were related to general perception, four described the perception of the treatment for adults, two related to the treatment effects, and two related to the retention of orthodontic treatment. In the reliability test, Cronbach’s α was 0.845 for the 11 items. In assessments for individual components, Cronbach’s α was 0.764 for the general perception of orthodontic treatment, 0.705 for the perception of this treatment for adults, 0.707 for the effects of the treatment, and 0.701 for the retention of orthodontic treatment. Finally, a measurement instrument for the perception of orthodontic treatment in adults was designed to assess the 11 items on a four-point Likert scale.
Conclusions
This study developed a standard measurement instrument for assessing the perception of orthodontic treatment in adults. The proposed instrument will enable additional studies on the influence of an adult’s perception of orthodontic treatment on the decision to undergo treatment.

Keyword

Adult orthodontic treatment; Perception; Reliability; Validity

Figure

• 

  Figure 1 Flowchart of the study.

Reference

1. Kim Y. 2017; Study on the perception of orthodontic treatment according to age: a questionnaire survey. Korean J Orthod. 47:215–21. DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2017.47.4.215. PMID: 28670562. PMCID: PMC5466903.

2. Lee SJ. 2002; Relationship between locus of control and treatment compliance in adult orthodontic patients. Korean J Orthod. 32:71–8.

3. Bagga DK. 2010; Adult orthodontics versus adolescent orthodontics: an overview. J Oral Health Comm Dent. 4:42–7. DOI: 10.5005/johcd-4-2-42.

4. Hassan AH, Amin Hel-S. 2010; Association of orthodontic treatment needs and oral health-related quality of life in young adults. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 137:42–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2008.02.024. PMID: 20122429.

5. Pabari S, Moles DR, Cunningham SJ. 2011; Assessment of motivation and psychological characteristics of adult orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 140:e263–72. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2011.06.022. PMID: 22133960.

6. American Association of Orthodontists. 2018. AAO Economics of Orthodontists/Patient Census survey comparison results [Internet]. American Association of Orthodontists;St. Louis, MO: Available from: https://assets-prod-www1.aaoinfo.org/assets-prod-www1/2019/02/14152041/2012-2016-Comparison-Data.pdf. cited 2018 May 17.

7. Baik HS, Kim KH, Park Y. 1995; The distributions and trends in maloclusion patients - a 10 year study of 2155 patients from YDSH. Korean J Orthod. 25:87–100.

8. Im DH, Kim TW, Nahm DS, Chang YI. 2003; Current trends in orthodontic patients in Seoul National University Dental Hospital. Korean J Orthod. 33:63–72.

9. Al-Zubair NM, Idris FA, Al-Selwi FM. 2015; The subjective orthodontic treatment need assessed with the aesthetic component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need. Saudi J Dent Res. 6:9–14. DOI: 10.1016/j.sjdr.2014.02.003.

10. Bellot-Arcís C, Montiel-Company JM, Manzanera-Pastor D, Almerich-Silla JM. 2012; Orthodontic treatment need in a Spanish young adult population. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 17:e638–43. DOI: 10.4317/medoral.17722. PMID: 22322504. PMCID: PMC3476028.

11. Hamdan AM. 2004; The relationship between patient, parent and clinician perceived need and normative orthodontic treatment need. Eur J Orthod. 26:265–71. DOI: 10.1093/ejo/26.3.265. PMID: 15222710.

12. Wedrychowska-Szulc B, Syryńska M. 2010; Patient and parent motivation for orthodontic treatment--a questionnaire study. Eur J Orthod. 32:447–52. DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjp131. PMID: 20008018.

13. Bourne CO, Balkaran R, Scott E. 2012; Orthodontic treatment needs in Caribbean dental clinics. Eur J Orthod. 34:525–30. DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjr037. PMID: 21505046.

14. Lim HW, Park JH, Park HH, Lee SJ. 2017; Time series analysis of patients seeking orthodontic treatment at Seoul National University Dental Hospital over the past decade. Korean J Orthod. 47:298–305. DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2017.47.5.298. PMID: 28861391. PMCID: PMC5548710.

15. Lee SY. 2012; A study on orthodontic treatment knowledge and attitude among people in general. J Korean Soc Dent Hyg. 12:251–60. DOI: 10.13065/jksdh.2012.12.2.251.

16. Kim SS, Kim DK, Hwang CJ, Park CY. 2000; The effects of related factors and perception of malocclusion on orthodontic treatment timing. J Korean Dent Assoc. 38:452–65.

17. Lee SJ, Suhr CH. 1994; Recognition of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need of 7~18 year-old korean adolescent. Korean J Orthod. 24:367–94.

18. Statistics Korea. 2014. Population projections for provinces (2013~2040). Statistics Korea;Daejeon: p. 19.

19. DeVellis RF. 2012. Scale development: theory and applications. 3rd ed. Sage Publications;Thousand Oaks: p. 73–158.

20. Hinkin TR. 1998; A brief tutorial on the development of measures for use in survey questionnaires. Organ Res Methods. 1:104–21. DOI: 10.1177/109442819800100106.

21. Bae BR. 2009. Structural equation modeling with amos 17.0: principles and practice. 2nd ed. Chungram;Seoul: p. 1–588.

22. Lozano LM, García-Cueto E, Muñiz J. 2008; Effect of the number of response categories on the reliability and validity of rating scales. Methodology. 4:73–9. DOI: 10.1027/1614-2241.4.2.73.

23. Polit DF, Beck CT. 2006; The content validity index: are you sure you know what's being reported? Critique and recommendations. Res Nurs Health. 29:489–97. DOI: 10.1002/nur.20147. PMID: 16977646.

24. Polit DF, Beck CT, Owen SV. 2007; Is the CVI an acceptable indicator of content validity? Appraisal and recommendations. Res Nurs Health. 30:459–67. DOI: 10.1002/nur.20199. PMID: 17654487.

25. Noh GS. 2014. Properly know and use: SPSS & AMOS 21. Hanbit Academy Inc;Seoul: p. 288–333.

26. Kang JM, Kang KH. 2014; Effect of malocclusion or orthodontic treatment on oral health-related quality of life in adults. Korean J Orthod. 44:304–11. DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2014.44.6.304. PMID: 25473646. PMCID: PMC4250664.