J Korean Med Sci.  2020 Nov;35(42):e346. 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e346.

Clinical Outcomes of Early Extubation Strategy in Patients Undergoing Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation as a Bridge to Heart Transplantation

Affiliations
  • 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
  • 2Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
  • 3Department of Critical Care Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

Abstract

Background
Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) might be considered a bridge therapy in patients who are expected to have short waiting times for heart transplantation. We investigated the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent VA-ECMO as a bridge to heart transplantation and whether the deployment of an early extubation ECMO strategy is beneficial.
Methods
Between November 2006 and December 2018, we studied 102 patients who received VA-ECMO as a bridge to heart transplantation. We classified these patients into an early extubation ECMO group (n = 24) and a deferred extubation ECMO group (n = 78) based on the length of the intubated period on VA-ECMO (≤ 48 hours or > 48 hours). The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality.
Results
The median duration of early extubation VA-ECMO was 10.0 (4.3–17.3) days. The most common cause for patients to be put on ECMO was dilated cardiomyopathy (65.7%) followed by ischemic cardiomyopathy (11.8%). In-hospital mortality rates for the deferred extubation and early extubation groups, respectively, were 24.4% and 8.3% (P = 0.147). During the study period, in the deferred extubation group, 60 (76.9%) underwent transplantation, while 22 (91.7%) underwent transplantation in the early extubation group. Delirium occurred in 83.3% and 33.3% of patients from the deferred extubation and early extubation groups (P < 0.001) and microbiologically confirmed infection was identified in 64.1% and 41.7% of patients from the two groups (P = 0.051), respectively.
Conclusion
VA-ECMO as a bridge therapy seems to be feasible for deployment in patients with a short waiting time for heart transplantation. Deployment of the early extubation ECMO strategy was associated with reductions in delirium and infection in this population.

Keyword

Early Extubation; Heart Transplantation; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; Cardiogenic Shock

Figure

  • Fig. 1 Study population. Flow chart of patients, who received VA-ECMO as a bridge to heart transplantation. The patients were classified into either early extubation group or deferred extubation group depending on the length of period intubated.VA-ECMO = veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

  • Fig. 2 Duration of ECMO without mechanical ventilation in the early extubation group. A total of 24 patients were in the early extubation ECMO group. The length of period on early extubation ECMO for each patient ranged from 1 to 44 days with a median duration of 10.0 (4.3–17.3) days.ECMO = extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

  • Fig. 3 Survival of patients bridged to HT with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Kaplan-Meier curve in heart transplantation recipients is shown, demonstrating a 1-year survival rate of 89.7% and a 5-year survival rate of 84.0% during the median follow up period of 637.5 (281.5–1548.8) days.HT = heart transplantation.


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