Investig Magn Reson Imaging.  2020 Sep;24(3):154-161. 10.13104/imri.2020.24.3.154.

Leak Sign on Dynamic-SusceptibilityContrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage

• Park JK
• Hong DY
• Jin ST
• Lee DW
• Pyun HW

• KMID: 2507851
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.13104/imri.2020.24.3.154

Abstract

Purpose
A CT angiography spot sign (CTA-spot) is a significant predictor of the early expansion of an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH-Ex). Dynamic-susceptibility-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (DSC-MRI) can track the real-time leaking of contrast agents. It may be able to indicate active bleeding, like a CTA-spot.
Materials and Methods
From September 2014 to February 2017, we did noncontrast CT, CTA, and DSC-MRI examinations of seven patients with acute ICH. We investigated the time from symptom onset to the first contrast-enhanced imaging. We evaluated the time course of the contrast leak within the ICH at the source image of the DSC-MRI and the volume change of ICH between non-contrast CT and DSCMRI. We compared the number of slices showing CTA-spots and DSC-MRI leaks.
Results
The CTA-spot and DSC-MRI leak-sign were present in four patients, and two patients among those showed ICH-Ex. The time from the symptom onset to CTA or DSC-MRI was shorter for those with a DSC-MRI leak or CTA-spot than for three patients without either (70-130 minutes vs. 135-270 minutes). The leak-sign began earlier, lasted longer, and spread to more slices in the patients with ICH-Ex than in those without ICH-Ex. The number of slices of the DSC-MRI leak and the number of the CTA-spot were well correlated.
Conclusion
DSC-MRI can demonstrate the leakage of GBCA within hyperacute ICH, showing the good contrast between hematoma and contrast. The DSC-MRI leakage sign could be related to the hematoma expansion in patients with ICH.

Keyword

Intracerebral hemorrhage; CTA-spot sign; DSC-MRI