Prog Med Phys.  2020 Sep;31(3):35-53. 10.14316/pmp.2020.31.3.35.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Historical Overview, Technical Developments, and Clinical Applications

• Jahng GH
• Park S
• Ryu CW
• Cho ZH

• KMID: 2507477
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.14316/pmp.2020.31.3.35

Abstract

The authors congratulate the cerebrations for the 30 years of the Korean Society of Medical Physics (http://www.ksmp.or.kr/). The paper is published to recognize the anniversary. Geon-Ho Jahng invited Professor Z. H. Cho to join to submit this manuscript because he has been one of the leaders in the field of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during the last 40 years. In this review, we describe the development and clinical histories of MRI internationally and domestically. We also discuss diffusion and perfusion MRI, molecular imaging using MRI and MR spectroscopy (MRS), and the hybrid systems, such as positron emission tomography一MRI (PET一MRI), MR-guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS), and MRI-guided linear accelerators (MRI-LINACs). In each part, we discuss the historical evolution of the develop­ments, technical develop­ments, and clinical applications.

Keyword

Magnetic resonance imaging; History; Technical development; Clinical application; Review

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Timeline of MRI developments and summary of the major contributions. MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; M, magnetic; R, resonance; I, imaging; F, functional; NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance; BOLD, blood oxygen level-dependent; NIH, National Institutes of Health; PET, positron emission tomography; MRI–LINAC, MRI-guided linear accelerators.

• 

  Fig. 2 Patient cases to show imaging contrasts acquired from (a) 83-year-old female, (b) 71-year-old male, and (c) 26-year-old male using a 3 T MRI system. F, female; M, male; T1W, T1-weighted; T2W, T2-weighted; FLAIR, fluid attenuated inversion recovery; GRE, gradient-echo; TOF, time of flight; CE MRA, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography; DWI b0, diffusion-weighted image with b=0 s/mm2; DWI b1000, diffusion-weighted image with b=1000 s/mm2; ADC, apparent diffusion coefficient; CE T1W, contrast-enhanced T1-weighted; APT, amide proton transfer; DSC rCBV, dynamic susceptibility contrast relative cerebral blood volume; DSC rCBF, dynamic susceptibility contrast relative cerebral blood flow; DSC MTT, dynamic susceptibility contrast mean transit time; SVS, single voxel spectroscopy; DTI b1000, diffusion tensor imaging with b=1000 s/mm2; DTI FA, diffusion tensor imaging fractional anisotropy; fMRI, functional MRI.

Reference

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