Osteoporos Sarcopenia.  2020 Sep;6(3):122-128. 10.1016/j.afos.2020.08.004.

Estimating regional bone mineral density-based T-scores using clinical information; tools validated for postmenopausal women in Sri Lanka

• Sewwandi Subasinghe HWA
• ekamwasam S
• Ball P
• Morrissey H
• Waidyaratne E

• KMID: 2507207
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.afos.2020.08.004

Abstract

Objectives
This study aims to develop and validate a country specific osteoporosis risk assessing tool for Sri Lankan postmenopausal women.
Methods
Community-dwelling postmenopausal women were enrolled to development (n ¼ 602) and validation (n ¼ 339) samples. Clinical risk factors (CRFs) of osteoporosis were assessed. Bone mineral densities (BMD) of femoral neck, total hip and lumbar spine were assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan. Radial ultrasound (US) bone scan was done. Linear regression analysis was performed in development sample considering regional BMDs as dependent and CRFs as independent variables. Regression equations were developed to estimate regional BMDs using best predictive CRFs. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) were assessed to validate the new tools.
Results
Age, body weight and US T-scores showed positive correlations with BMDs of all 3 sites. Two osteoporosis risk assessing tools (OPRATs) were developed as OPRAT-1 and OPRAT-2. Prevalence of osteoporosis, in the validation sample was 74.3%. Sensitivity were high in both tools (OPRAT-1 and OPRAT-2; 83.2% and 82.5%) while specificity were moderate (44.8% for both). PPV of OPRAT-1 and OPRAT-2 were 79.5% and 81.2%. Both tools showed moderate NPV (OPRAT-1 and OPRAT-2; 51% and 47%).
Conclusions
Both OPRAT-1 and OPRAT-2 have high performance in screening postmenopausal women in Sri Lanka for risk of osteoporosis. OPRAT-2 is more convenient and can be used in any healthcare setting with limited resources to identify women who will be benefitted by DXA. OPRAT-1 can be used if the radial US facility is available.

Keyword

Osteoporosis; Postmenopausal women; Bone mineral density; Screening; Sri Lanka