Blood Res.  2020 Sep;55(3):169-174. 10.5045/br.2020.2020219.

Utility of screening tools to differentiate beta thalassemia trait and iron-deficiency anemia - do they serve a purpose in blood donors?

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Transfusion Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
  • 2Department of Transfusion Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
  • 3Department of Pathology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of the beta thalassemia trait (BTT) and differentiate it from iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) among blood donors.
Methods
A total of 1,000 samples from blood donors were subjected to complete hemogram with red blood cell indices. Further, Mentzer index (MI) was calculated for samples with mean corpuscular volume (MCV) below 80 fL and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) below 27 pg. Samples with Mentzer index <12 were subjected to naked-eye single-tube red cell osmotic fragility test (NESTROFT) followed by hemoglobin electrophoresis in positive cases. Serum ferritin was assessed in NESTROFT-negative cases.
Results
The prevalence of BTT among blood donors was 3.7% and that of microcytosis among donors was 8.6%. The prevalence of BTT among microcytic donors was 41.8% while that among those with IDA was 11.6%. A value of MI <13 was highly sensitive in the diagnosis of BTT. MI >13 was found to have both high specificity and high sensitivity for diagnosing IDA.
Conclusion
A moderately high prevalence of BTT was observed among blood donors. Presently, no screening program is mandatory for screening of BTT among blood donors. Indices like MCV, MCH, and Mentzer Index were thus found to be effective to screen for BTT and IDA among blood donors, and NESTROFT was a cost-effective mass screening method to differentiate BTT and IDA.

Keyword

Beta thalassemia trait; Blood donors; Mentzer index; NESTROFT; Iron deficiency anemia

Figure

  • Fig. 1 Flow chart for defining of BTT and IDA and the number of cases in the study. Samples with normal serum ferritin and distinct HbA2 band on electrophoresis were defined as having BTT. Samples with serum ferritin below 15 ng/mL were defined as having IDA [10]. Abbreviations: BTT, beta thalassemia trait; IDA, iron-deficiency anemia; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCV, mean corpuscular volume.


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