J Korean Med Sci.  2020 Jul;35(28):e230. 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e230.

Clinical Perspectives of Parkinson's Disease for Ophthalmologists, Otorhinolaryngologists, Cardiologists, Dentists, Gastroenterologists, Urologists, Physiatrists, and Psychiatrists

• Choi JH
• Kim JM
• Yang HK
• Lee HJ
• Shin CM
• Jeong SJ
• Kim WS
• Han JW
• Yoon IY
• Song YS
• Bae YJ

• KMID: 2504364
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e230

Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multisystemic disorder characterized by various non-motor symptoms (NMS) in addition to motor dysfunction. NMS include sleep, ocular, olfactory, throat, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, or musculoskeletal disorders. A range of NMS, particularly hyposmia, sleep disturbances, constipation, and depression, can even appear prior to the motor symptoms of PD. Because NMS can affect multiple organs and result in major disabilities, the recognition and multidisciplinary and collaborative management of NMS by physicians is essential for patients with PD. Therefore, the aim of this review article is to provide an overview of the organs that are affected by NMS in PD together with a brief review of pathophysiology and treatment options.

Keyword

Parkinson's Disease; Non-motor Symptoms

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Summary of multi-organ involvements in PD. In addition to motor symptoms, various NMS manifest in patients with PD. These NMS may pose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for physicians and surgeons in many different fields.PD = Parkinson's disease, NMS = non-motor symptoms, EDS = excessive daytime somnolence, REM = rapid eye movement, RBD = rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, RLS = restless legs syndrome, PLMS = periodic leg movements in sleep.

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