Korean J Orthod.  2020 Jul;50(4):258-267. 10.4041/kjod.2020.50.4.258.

Three-dimensional evaluation of the correlation between lip canting and craniofacial planes

• Kim JY
• Park HK
• Shin SW
• Park JH
• Jung HD
• Jung YS

• KMID: 2504143
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4041/kjod.2020.50.4.258

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to analyze the correlation of horizontal and sagittal planes used in two-dimensional diagnosis with lip canting by using threedimensional (3D) analysis.
Methods
Fifty-two patients (25 men, 27 women; average age: 24 years) undergoing treatment for dentofacial deformity were enrolled. Computed tomography images were acquired, and digital imaging and communication in medicine files were reconstructed into a 3D virtual model wherein horizontal and sagittal craniofacial planes were measured. Subsequently, the correlations of lip canting with these horizontal and sagittal planes were investigated.
Results
The mandibular symmetry plane, the occlusal plane, Camper’s plane, the mandibular plane, Broadbent’s plane, and the nasal axis plane were correlated with the amount of lip canting (Pearson’s correlation coefficients: 0.761, 0.648, 0.556, 0.526, 0.438, and 0.406, respectively). Planes associated with the lower part of the face showed the strongest correlations; the strength of the correlations decreased in the midfacial and cranial regions. None of the planes showed statistically significant differences between patients with clinical lip canting (> 3°) and those without prominent lip canting.
Conclusions
The findings of this study suggest that lip canting is strongly correlated with the mandibular symmetry plane, which includes menton deviation. This finding may have clinical implications with regard to the treatment of patients requiring correction of lip canting. Further studies are necessary for evaluating changes in lip canting after orthognathic surgery.

Keyword

Three-dimensional cephalometrics; Three-dimensional diagnosis; Lip canting, Facial asymmetry

Figure

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  Figure 1 Craniofacial anatomical landmarks used for defining the craniofacial planes evaluated in the present study. A, Hard tissue landmarks. B, Soft tissue landmarks. Rt, Right; Lt, left. See Table 1 for definitions of the other landmarks.

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  Figure 2 Horizontal planes associated with the cranium (a, Broadbent’s plane = sella–nasion plane; b, optical axis plane). Rt, Right; Lt, left; MidON, mid optic nerve.

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  Figure 3 Horizontal and sagittal planes associated with the midface. a, His’ plane; b, Frankfort horizontal plane; c, Camper’s plane; d, occlusal plane; e, nasal axis plane. Rt, Right; Lt, left. See Table 1 for definitions of the other landmarks.

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  Figure 4 Horizontal and sagittal planes associated with the lower face. a, Mandibular plane; b, lip canting plane; c, mandibular symmetry plane. Rt, Right; Lt, left. See Table 1 for definitions of the other landmarks.

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  Figure 5 Reference planes used for measurement of the interplanar angle. a, Frankfort horizontal plane; b, N-perpendicular plane; c, midsagittal plane. Rt, Right; Lt, left; MidPo, mid-porion.

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  Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the method used for measuring the angle between two planes. FH plane, Frankfort horizontal plane.

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