J Korean Med Sci.  2020 Jun;35(23):e209. 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e209.

Prognostic Factors for Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Daegu, Korea

• Jang JG
• Hur J
• Choi EY
• Hong KS
• Lee W
• Ahn JH

• KMID: 2502924
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e209

Abstract

Background
Since its first detection in December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection has spread rapidly around the world. Although there have been several studies investigating prognostic factors for severe COVID-19, there have been no such studies in Korea.
Methods
We performed a retrospective observational study of 110 patients with confirmed COVID-19 hospitalized at a tertiary hospital in Daegu, Korea. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and outcome data were collected and analyzed. Severe disease was defined as a composite outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome, intensive care unit care, or death.
Results
Diabetes mellitus (odds ratio [OR], 19.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.90–193.42; P = 0.012), body temperature ≥ 37.8°C (OR, 10.91; 95% CI, 1.35–88.36; P = 0.025), peripheral oxygen saturation < 92% (OR, 33.31; 95% CI, 2.45–452.22; P = 0.008), and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) > 6.3 (OR, 56.84; 95% CI, 2.64–1,223.78, P = 0.010) at admission were associated with higher risk of severe COVID-19. The likelihood of development of severe COVID-19 increased with an increasing number of prognostic factors.
Conclusion
In conclusion, we found that diabetes mellitus, body temperature ≥ 37.8°C, peripheral oxygen saturation < 92%, and CK-MB > 6.3 are independent predictors of severe disease in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Appropriate assessment of prognostic factors and close monitoring to provide the necessary interventions at the appropriate time in high-risk patients may reduce the case fatality rate of COVID-19.

Keyword

COVID-19; Severe Disease; Prognostic Factor; Korea

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Flow chart.COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019.

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  Fig. 2 Comparison of rates of severe COVID-19 using categorical variables.DM = diabetes mellitus, COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019, CK-MB = creatine-kinase MB.

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  Fig. 3 Rate of patients with severe COVID-19 according to the presence of prognostic factors.COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019.

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