J Periodontal Implant Sci.  2020 Feb;50(1):48-55. 10.5051/jpis.2020.50.1.48.

Three-dimensional observations of the incisive foramen on cone-beam computed tomography image analysis

• Kim YT
• Lee JH
• Jeong SN

• KMID: 2470830
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5051/jpis.2020.50.1.48

Abstract

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to utilize cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) image analysis to obtain anatomical information related to the morphology of the incisive foramen to provide useful data regarding implant placement and clinical procedures such as anesthesia.
METHODS
The study included 167 patients who underwent CBCT scans over 20 years. Three components were measured: 1) the anteroposterior and mediolateral diameter of the incisive foramen, 2) the horizontal bone thickness anterior to the incisive foramen, and 3) the vertical bone height coronal to the incisive foramen. All measurements were expressed as mean±standard deviation and were analyzed by a single examiner.
RESULTS
The anteroposterior diameter of the incisive foramen was wider than the mediolateral diameter (P<0.001). The diameter of the incisive foramen in patients in whom the central incisors were present was smaller than that in those in whom at least one central incisor was absent, but no statistically significant difference between the groups was observed. The horizontal bone thickness in the patients with central incisors was statistically significantly larger than that in the patients without at least one central incisor (P<0.001). The same pattern was observed with regard to vertical height, but that difference was not statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS
The buccal bone thickness anterior to the incisive foramen was significantly decreased after central incisor loss. It is necessary to identify the morphology of the bone and the location of the incisive foramen via CBCT to avoid invasion of the incisive foramen and nasopalatine canal.

Keyword

Bone resorption; Cone-beam computed tomography; Dental implants; Maxilla

MeSH Terms

Anesthesia
Bone Resorption
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography*
Dental Implants
Humans
Incisor
Maxilla
Dental Implants

Figure

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  Figure 1 Representative cone-beam computed tomography image at the incisive foramen level, with linear measurements illustrating the anteroposterior (a) and mediolateral (b) diameters of the incisive foramen and the bone width of the buccal wall (c). (A) Sagittal view. (B) Axial view.

• 

  Figure 2 Representative cone-beam computed tomography image at the incisive foramen level, with linear measurements illustrating the height of the alveolar crest to the anterior border of the incisive foramen (a). A funnel-like nasopalatine canal shape is observed.

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