J Lipid Atheroscler.  2020 Jan;9(1):205-229. 10.12997/jla.2020.9.1.205.

Associations of Dietary Intake with Cardiovascular Disease, Blood Pressure, and Lipid Profile in the Korean Population: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

• Kim J
• Hoang T
• Bu SY
• Kim JM
• Choi JH
• Park E
• Lee SM
• Park E
• Min JY
• Lee IS
• Youn SY

• KMID: 2470812
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.12997/jla.2020.9.1.205

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
Previous studies have separately reported the contributions of dietary factors to the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its markers, including blood pressure (BP) and lipid profile. This study systematically reviewed the current evidence on this issue in the Korean population.
METHODS
Sixty-two studies from PubMed and Embase were included in this meta-analysis. We performed a random-effects model to analyze pooled odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the consumption of 14 food items, three macro- and eight micro-nutrients, two dietary patterns, and three dietary indices.
RESULTS
An analysis of pooled effect sizes from at least four individual study populations showed significant associations between coffee consumption and CVD (OR/HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.52-0.97) and elevated/high triglycerides (TG) (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.78-0.90), sugar-sweetened beverage intake and elevated BP (OR/HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.09-1.33), and milk and dairy intake and elevated/high TG and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR/HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.76-0.89 for both). Carbohydrate consumption and the low-carbohydrate-diet score were consistently related to an approximately 25% risk reduction for elevated TG and low HDL-C. A lower risk of elevated total cholesterol, but not low-density lipoprotein, was additionally observed for those with a higher low-carbohydrate-diet score. A healthy dietary pattern was only associated with a reduced risk of elevated TG in the Korea National Cancer Screenee Cohort (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.67-0.98).
CONCLUSION
This study showed that milk and dairy and coffee had protective effects for CVD and its risk factors, such as BP and lipid profile, while sugar-sweetened beverages exerted harmful effects.

Keyword

Dietary; Cardiovascular diseases; Hypertension; Dyslipidemias; Koreans

MeSH Terms

Asian Continental Ancestry Group
Beverages
Blood Pressure*
Cardiovascular Diseases*
Cholesterol
Coffee
Cohort Studies
Dyslipidemias
Humans
Hypertension
Korea
Lipoproteins
Milk
Odds Ratio
Risk Factors
Risk Reduction Behavior
Triglycerides
Cholesterol
Coffee
Lipoproteins
Triglycerides

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Flowchart of study selection.

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  Fig. 2 Meta-analysis of the associations of (A) healthy and (B) unhealthy dietary patterns with cardiovascular disease. OR, odds ratio; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.

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  Fig. 3 Meta-analysis of the associations of (A) healthy and (B) unhealthy dietary patterns with elevated or high blood pressure. OR, odds ratio; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; KNHANES, Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; KNCC, Korea National Cancer Screenee Cohort.

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  Fig. 4 Meta-analysis of the associations of (A) healthy and (B) unhealthy dietary patterns with elevated or high total cholesterol. OR, odds ratio; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; KNHANES, Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

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  Fig. 5 Meta-analysis of the associations of (A) healthy and (B) unhealthy dietary patterns with elevated or high triglycerides. OR, odds ratio; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; KNHANES, Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; KNCC, Korea National Cancer Screenee Cohort.

• 

  Fig. 6 Meta-analysis of the associations of (A) healthy and (B) unhealthy dietary patterns with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. OR, odds ratio; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; KNHANES, Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; KNCC, Korea National Cancer Screenee Cohort.

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  Fig. 7 Meta-analysis of the associations of (A) healthy and (B) unhealthy dietary patterns with high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. OR, odds ratio; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; KNHANES, Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

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  Fig. 8 Publication bias for estimates in the meta-analysis of the associations between dietary intake and the risks of hypertension and dyslipidemia. OR, odds ratio; HR, hazard ratio; SE, standard error.

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