Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg.
2019 ;41(1):31. 10.1186/s40902-019-0214-4.
The maxillary incisor labial face tangent: clinical evaluation of maxillary incisor inclination in profile smiling view and idealized aesthetics
- Affiliations
-
- 1Kingston and St George's Hospitals and St George's Medical School, Blackshaw Road, London, SW17 0QT UK. farhad.naini@yahoo.co.uk
- 2London, UK.
- 3Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
- 4Department of Orthodontics, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCLH Eastman Dental Hospital, London, UK.
- 5Orthodontics, Maxillofacial and Odontostomatology Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
- 6Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, London, UK.
- KMID: 2468978
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.1186/s40902-019-0214-4
Abstract
- BACKGROUND
To test the hypothesis that in profile smiling view, for ideal aesthetics, a tangent to the labial face of the maxillary central incisor crowns should be approximately parallel to the true vertical line and thereby perpendicular to the true horizontal line.
METHODS
An idealized female image was created with computer software and manipulated using the same software to construct an "ideal" female profile image with proportions, and linear and angular soft tissue measurements, based on currently accepted criteria for idealized Caucasian profiles. The maxillary incisor labial face tangent was altered in 5° increments from 70 to 120°, creating a range of images, shown in random order to 70 observers (56 lay people and 14 clinicians), who ranked the images from the most to the least attractive. The main outcome was the preference ranks of image attractiveness given by the observers.
RESULTS
The most attractive inclination of a tangent to the labial face of the maxillary incisor crowns in profile view in relation to the true horizontal line was 85°, i.e. 5° retroclined from a perpendicular 90° inclination. The most attractive range appears to be between 80 and 90°. Excessive proclination appeared to be less desirable than retroclination. Beyond 105° most observers recommend treatment.
CONCLUSION
In natural head position, the ideal inclination of the maxillary incisor crown labial face tangent in profile view will be approximately parallel to the true vertical line and thereby approximately perpendicular to the true horizontal line.
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