Korean J Neurotrauma.  2019 Oct;15(2):77-87. 10.13004/kjnt.2019.15.e41.

Recent Updates in Urinary Catheter Products for the Neurogenic Bladder Patients with Spinal Cord Injury

• Jeong SJ
• Oh SJ

• KMID: 2461111
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.13004/kjnt.2019.15.e41

Abstract

Clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) is one of the core elements of neurogenic bladder management in the patients with spinal cord injury and is effective and safe to maintain low intra-bladder pressure and achieve urinary continence. Until now, the most notable development in urinary catheter products for CIC is the introduction of hydrophilic coating. Fortunately, in Korea, the national medical insurance has recently covered the cost for urinary catheters in this patient group. The purpose of this review is to summarize the history of CIC and the recent development of urinary catheter products. From our review, we would like to suggest a way of thinking that is the way forward for the future to improve the implementation of CIC with minimal morbidity.

Keyword

Clean intermittent catheterization; Neurogenic bladder; Spinal cord injury; Urinary catheter

MeSH Terms

Humans
Insurance
Intermittent Urethral Catheterization
Korea
Spinal Cord Injuries*
Spinal Cord*
Thinking
Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic*
Urinary Catheters*

Figure

• 

  FIGURE 1 The urinary catheters made of various materials for clean intermittent catheterization. (A) Rubber catheter (the Nelaton catheter). (B) Silicone reusable catheter. (C) Plastic-polyvinyl chloride catheter. (D) Plastic-polyether block amide catheter. (E) Hydrophilic coating plastic catheter. (F) Pre-hydrated hydrophilic coating polyurethane catheter. (G) Self-contained system catheter.

Reference

1. Bakke A, Vollset SE, Høisaeter PA, Irgens LM. Physical complications in patients treated with clean intermittent catheterization. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 1993; 27:55–61. PMID: 8493468.

2. Bennett CJ, Young MN, Razi SS, Adkins R, Diaz F, McCrary A. The effect of urethral introducer tip catheters on the incidence of urinary tract infection outcomes in spinal cord injured patients. J Urol. 1997; 158:519–521. PMID: 9224337.

3. Bjerklund Johansen T, Hultling C, Madersbacher H, Del Popolo G, Amarenco G. LoFric Primo Study Group. A novel product for intermittent catheterisation: its impact on compliance with daily life--international multicentre study. Eur Urol. 2007; 52:213–220. PMID: 17166653.

4. Bloom DA, McGuire EJ, Lapides J. A brief history of urethral catheterization. J Urol. 1994; 151:317–325. PMID: 8283513.

5. Bogaert GA, Goeman L, de Ridder D, Wevers M, Ivens J, Schuermans A. The physical and antimicrobial effects of microwave heating and alcohol immersion on catheters that are reused for clean intermittent catheterisation. Eur Urol. 2004; 46:641–646. PMID: 15474276.

6. Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine. Bladder management for adults with spinal cord injury: a clinical practice guideline for health-care providers. J Spinal Cord Med. 2006; 29:527–573. PMID: 17274492.

7. De Ridder DJ, Everaert K, Fernández LG, Valero JV, Durán AB, Abrisqueta ML, et al. Intermittent catheterisation with hydrophilic-coated catheters (SpeediCath) reduces the risk of clinical urinary tract infection in spinal cord injured patients: a prospective randomised parallel comparative trial. Eur Urol. 2005; 48:991–995. PMID: 16137822.

8. Diokno AC, Mitchell BA, Nash AJ, Kimbrough JA. Patient satisfaction and the LoFric catheter for clean intermittent catheterization. J Urol. 1995; 153:349–351. PMID: 7815580.

9. Duffy LM, Cleary J, Ahern S, Kuskowski MA, West M, Wheeler L, et al. Clean intermittent catheterization: safe, cost-effective bladder management for male residents of VA nursing homes. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1995; 43:865–870. PMID: 7636093.

10. Giannantoni A, Di Stasi SM, Scivoletto G, Virgili G, Dolci S, Porena M. Intermittent catheterization with a prelubricated catheter in spinal cord injured patients: a prospective randomized crossover study. J Urol. 2001; 166:130–133. PMID: 11435839.

11. Guttmann L, Frankel H. The value of intermittent catheterisation in the early management of traumatic paraplegia and tetraplegia. Paraplegia. 1966; 4:63–84. PMID: 5969402.

12. Hedlund H, Hjelmås K, Jonsson O, Klarskov P, Talja M. Hydrophilic versus non-coated catheters for intermittent catheterization. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2001; 35:49–53. PMID: 11291688.

13. Jeong SJ, Cho SY, Oh SJ. Spinal cord/brain injury and the neurogenic bladder. Urol Clin North Am. 2010; 37:537–546. PMID: 20955905.

14. Kessler TM, Ryu G, Burkhard FC. Clean intermittent self-catheterization: a burden for the patient? Neurourol Urodyn. 2009; 28:18–21. PMID: 18726939.

15. King RB, Carlson CE, Mervine J, Wu Y, Yarkony GM. Clean and sterile intermittent catheterization methods in hospitalized patients with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1992; 73:798–802. PMID: 1514886.

16. Kovindha A, Mai WN, Madersbacher H. Reused silicone catheter for clean intermittent catheterization (CIC): is it safe for spinal cord-injured (SCI) men? Spinal Cord. 2004; 42:638–642. PMID: 15289806.

17. Lapides J, Diokno AC, Lowe BS, Kalish MD. Followup on unsterile intermittent self-catheterization. J Urol. 1974; 111:184–187. PMID: 4810761.

18. Lapides J, Diokno AC, Silber SJ, Lowe BS. Clean, intermittent self-catheterization in the treatment of urinary tract disease. J Urol. 1972; 107:458–461. PMID: 5010715.

19. Lima M, Di Lorenzo FP, Messina P, Greco L. Clean intermittent catheterization. In : Esposito C, Guys JM, Gough D, Savanelli A, editors. Pediatric neurogenic bladder dysfunction: diagnosis, treatment, long-term follow-up. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg;2006. p. 161–168.

20. Lundgren J, Bengtsson O, Israelsson A, Jönsson AC, Lindh AS, Utas J. The importance of osmolality for intermittent catheterization of the urethra. Spinal Cord. 2000; 38:45–50. PMID: 10762197.

21. Maynard FM, Diokno AC. Clean intermittent catheterization for spinal cord injury patients. J Urol. 1982; 128:477–480. PMID: 7120549.

22. Mohler JL, Cowen DL, Flanigan RC. Suppression and treatment of urinary tract infection in patients with an intermittently catheterized neurogenic bladder. J Urol. 1987; 138:336–340. PMID: 3496470.

23. Moore KN, Burt J, Voaklander DC. Intermittent catheterization in the rehabilitation setting: a comparison of clean and sterile technique. Clin Rehabil. 2006; 20:461–468. PMID: 16892928.

24. Moore KN, Fader M, Getliffe K. Long-term bladder management by intermittent catheterisation in adults and children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007; 17:CD006008.

25. Murray K, Lewis P, Blannin J, Shepherd A. Clean intermittent self-catheterisation in the management of adult lower urinary tract dysfunction. Br J Urol. 1984; 56:379–380. PMID: 6534424.

26. Naish W. Intermittent self-catheterisation for managing urinary problems. Prof Nurse. 2003; 18:585–587. PMID: 12808861.

27. National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center. Spinal cord injury facts and figures at a glance: 2018 SCI data sheet. Birmingham, AL: University of Alabama at Birmingham;2018. Accessed August 13, 2019. https://u2fp.org/file_download/fa371e4a-8b23-4af5-bf42-b17f52504039.

28. Neal DE, Lawson AL, Webb RJ, Robertson AS. Clean intermittent self-catheterization. Int Urogynecol J. 1993; 4:50–55.

29. Norton C. Providing appropriate services for continence: an overview. Nurs Stand. 1996; 10:41–45.

30. O'Brien G. PEBA bridges gap between thermoplastics and rubber. Cuyahoga Falls, OH: Rubber & Plastics News;2001. Accessed August 5, 2019. https://www.rubbernews.com/.

31. Oh SJ, Ku JH, Lim SH, Jeon HG, Son H. Effect of a ‘centralized intensive education system’ for clean intermittent self-catheterization in patients with voiding dysfunction who start catheterization for the first time. Int J Urol. 2006; 13:905–909. PMID: 16882053.

32. Pascoe G, Clovis S. Evaluation of two coated catheters in intermittent self-catheterization. Br J Nurs. 2001; 10:325–329. PMID: 12170675.

33. Robinson J. Intermittent self-catheterisation: teaching the skill to patients. Nurs Stand. 2007; 21:48–56.

34. Robinson J. Selecting a urinary catheter and drainage system. Br J Nurs. 2006; 15:1045–1050. PMID: 17167364.

35. Schlager TA, Clark M, Anderson S. Effect of a single-use sterile catheter for each void on the frequency of bacteriuria in children with neurogenic bladder on intermittent catheterization for bladder emptying. Pediatrics. 2001; 108:E71. PMID: 11581479.

36. Stensballe J, Looms D, Nielsen PN, Tvede M. Hydrophilic-coated catheters for intermittent catheterisation reduce urethral micro trauma: a prospective, randomised, participant-blinded, crossover study of three different types of catheters. Eur Urol. 2005; 48:978–983. PMID: 16126331.

37. Sutherland RS, Kogan BA, Baskin LS, Mevorach RA. Clean intermittent catheterization in boys using the LoFric catheter. J Urol. 1996; 156:2041–2043. PMID: 8911385.

38. Vapnek JM, Maynard FM, Kim J. A prospective randomized trial of the LoFric hydrophilic coated catheter versus conventional plastic catheter for clean intermittent catheterization. J Urol. 2003; 169:994–998. PMID: 12576829.

39. Svanum M, Telander M, Sullivan L. Re: the importance of osmolality in hydrophilic urethral catheters: a crossover study, Waller et al. Spinal Cord (1997) 35: 229-233. Spinal Cord. 1998; 36:368–369. PMID: 9601121.

40. Webb RJ, Lawson AL, Neal DE. Clean intermittent self-catheterisation in 172 adults. Br J Urol. 1990; 65:20–23. PMID: 2310927.

41. Woodward S, Rew M. Patients' quality of life and clean intermittent self-catheterization. Br J Nurs. 2003; 12:1066–1074. PMID: 14581839.

42. Wyndaele JJ, Castro D, Madersbacher H, Chartier-Kastler E, Igawa Y, Kovindha A, et al. Neurologic urinary and faecal incontinence. In : Abrams P, Cardozo L, Khoury S, Wein A, editors. Incontinence, 3rd. Paris: Health Publication;2005. p. 1059–1162.

43. Wyndaele J, De Ridder D, Everaert K, Heilporn A, Congard-Chassol B. Evaluation of the use of Urocath-Gel catheters for intermittent self-catheterization by male patients using conventional catheters for a long time. Spinal Cord. 2000; 38:97–99. PMID: 10762182.