J Pathol Transl Med.  2019 Sep;53(5):289-297. 10.4132/jptm.2019.06.07.

Clinicopathological Characterization and Prognostic Implication of SMAD4 Expression in Colorectal Carcinoma

• Yoo SY
• Lee JA
• Shin Y
• Cho NY
• Bae JM
• Kang GH

• KMID: 2459577
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2019.06.07

Abstract

BACKGROUND
SMAD family member 4 (SMAD4) has gained attention as a promising prognostic factor of colorectal cancer (CRC) as well as a key molecule to understand the tumorigenesis and progression of CRC.
METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed 1,281 CRC cases immunohistochemically for their expression status of SMAD4, and correlated this status with clinicopathologic and molecular features of CRCs.
RESULTS
A loss of nuclear SMAD4 was significantly associated with frequent lymphovascular and perineural invasion, tumor budding, fewer tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, higher pT and pN category, and frequent distant metastasis. In contrast, tumors overexpressing SMAD4 showed a significant association with sporadic microsatellite instability. After adjustment for TNM stage, tumor differentiation, adjuvant chemotherapy, and lymphovascular invasion, the loss of SMAD4 was found to be an independent prognostic factor for worse 5-year progression-free survival (hazard ratio [HR], 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.60; p=.042) and 7-year cancer-specific survival (HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.99; p=.022).
CONCLUSIONS
We confirmed the value of determining the loss of SMAD4 immunohistochemically as an independent prognostic factor for CRC in general. In addition, we identified some histologic and molecular features that might be clues to elucidate the role of SMAD4 in colorectal tumorigenesis and progression.

Keyword

Biomarker; SMAD4; Colorectal neoplasms; Prognosis

MeSH Terms

Carcinogenesis
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
Colorectal Neoplasms*
Disease-Free Survival
Humans
Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating
Microsatellite Instability
Neoplasm Metastasis
Prognosis
Retrospective Studies

Figure

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  Fig. 1. Nuclear expression of SMAD4 in colorectal cancers. Representative examples for the loss of expression (A), low-level expression (B), and high-level expression (C).

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  Fig. 2. Kaplan-Meier survival curves according to the nuclear SMAD4 expression. (A) 5-Year progression-free survival. (B) 7-Year cancer-specific survival.

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