Chonnam Med J.  2019 May;55(2):86-98. 10.4068/cmj.2019.55.2.86.

Recent Advances in Biosensors for Nucleic Acid and Exosome Detection

• Fu Z
• Lu YC
• Lai JJ

• KMID: 2447210
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4068/cmj.2019.55.2.86

Abstract

Biosensors are analytical devices for biomolecule detection that compromise three essential components: recognition moiety, transducer, and signal processor. The sensor converts biomolecule recognition to detectable signals, which has been applied in diverse fields such as clinical monitoring, in vitro diagnostics, food industry etc. Based on signal transduction mechanisms, biosensors can be categorized into three major types: optical biosensors, electrochemical biosensors, and mass-based biosensors. Recently, the need for faster, more sensitive detection of biomolecules has compeled researchers to develop various sensing techniques. In this review, the basic structure and sensing principles of biosensors are introduced. Additionally, the review discusses multiple recent works about nucleic acid and exosome sensing.

Keyword

Biosensing Techniques; Optical Biosensors; Electrochemical Biosensors; Exosomes; Nucleic Acids

MeSH Terms

Biosensing Techniques*
Exosomes
Food Industry
In Vitro Techniques
Nucleic Acids
Signal Transduction
Transducers
Nucleic Acids

Figure

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  FIG. 1 Summary of different biosensor components.

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  FIG. 2 Schematic diagrams for (A) the preparation of DDTs nanostructure; (B) SPR biosensing strategy for HIV-related DNA detection based on ESDRs and DDTs nanostructure.61 Biosens Bioelectron 2018;100:228–34;with permission.

• 

  FIG. 3 Schematic illustration of DNA-fueled target recycling-induced two-leg DNA walker for amplified electrochemical detection of the nucleic acid.75 AP: assist probe, BP: block probe, TS: template strand, TD: target DNA, FS: fuel strand, SD: substrate strand. Talanta 2018; 188:685–90;with permission.

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  FIG. 4 Schematic Diagram of the electrochemical DNA Biosensor for the Detection of target DNA (T-DNA).76 Anal Chem 2017;89:8830–5;with permission.

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  FIG. 5 Sequential SERS-based assay process for the detection of exosomes. (A) Fabrication of SERS nanoprobes (AuNS@4-MBA@Auanchor); (B) SERS sensing strategy for exosome detection.88 Analyst 2018;143:4915–22;with permission.

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