Nutr Res Pract.  2018 Oct;12(5):426-435. 10.4162/nrp.2018.12.5.426.

Relationship between dietary intakes and the double burden of malnutrition in adults of Malang, Indonesia: An exploratory study

• Lee SJ
• Ryu HK

• KMID: 2447002
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2018.12.5.426

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
Urbanization and lifestyle changes have resulted in nutrition transition. Over-nutrition causes obesity increase, although malnutrition still exists. This phenomenon is called a double burden of malnutrition (DBM). This study was conducted to confirm the existence of DBM and to investigate the dietary factors related to DBM in Indonesian adults.
SUBJECTS/METHODS
Data for the subjects (51 men and 89 women) who are the adults resided in Malang, Indonesia were collected between July 17 and August 14, 2017, by using questionnaire. Height, weight, waist and hip circumference, blood pressure, blood glucose, total cholesterol, and hemoglobin were also measured for the subjects.
RESULTS
The average age of the subjects was 47.2 years. The average height, weight, and body mass index for men were 160.08 cm, 62.6 kg and 25.45 kg/m², respectively, and those for women were 148.74 cm, 58.09 kg, and 26.21 kg/m², respectively. Of the subjects, 3.6% were underweight, 24.3% were normal or healthy weight, while 72.2% were overweight and obese. Analysis of the dietary intakes revealed high for cereal (7.73 points), but very low for milk (0.25 points) and fruits (0.51 points). Dietary diversity was very few overall (< 5). The occurrence of both anemia (23.6%) and chronic diseases such as hypertension (57.1%), diabetes (12.1%), and hypercholesterolemia (3.6%) was considerably high. The existence of DBM was confirmed by 16.4% of the subjects. DBM was observed significantly higher in women than in men. Dietary diversity and DBM occurrence were inversely correlated. On average, the number of chronic diseases was 1.08 in men and 1.79 in women. Dietary diversity inversely affected systolic blood pressure.
CONCLUSIONS
DBM existed in adults in Malang, Indonesia due to inadequate dietary intakes, and a high rate of chronic diseases.

Keyword

Diet; malnutrition; double burden; chronic diseases

MeSH Terms

Adult*
Anemia
Blood Glucose
Blood Pressure
Body Mass Index
Cholesterol
Chronic Disease
Diet
Edible Grain
Female
Fruit
Hip
Humans
Hypercholesterolemia
Hypertension
Indonesia*
Life Style
Male
Malnutrition*
Milk
Obesity
Overweight
Thinness
Urbanization
Blood Glucose
Cholesterol

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