World J Mens Health.  2019 May;37(2):113-127. 10.5534/wjmh.180055.

Metabolic Syndrome and Male Fertility

• Martins AD
• Majzoub A
• Agawal A

• KMID: 2443227
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5534/wjmh.180055

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a cluster of conditions that have a negative impact on human health overall. Its prevalence has been rapidly increasing worldwide and has coincided with a global decrease in birth rates and fertility potential. This review aims to address this observation through studying the relationship between MetS and male reproductive health. The effects of obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance on male fertility were examined and supporting evidence explaining the pathophysiology of sperm dysfunction with each MetS component were described. Adopting a healthy lifestyle appears to be the single most important intervention to prevent the unwanted effects of MetS on men's health and fertility. Further studies addressing the components of MetS and their impact on male reproduction are required to enhance our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and to propose new methods for therapeutic intervention.

Keyword

Dyslipidemias; Glucose intolerance; Hypertension; Infertility, male; Metabolic syndrome; Obesity

MeSH Terms

Birth Rate
Dyslipidemias
Fertility*
Glucose Intolerance
Humans
Hypertension
Infertility, Male
Insulin Resistance
Life Style
Male*
Men's Health
Obesity
Prevalence
Reproduction
Reproductive Health
Spermatozoa

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome, effects and consequences of each component (obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and elevated blood pressure) in the human body. HPT: hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid, TG: triglycerides, VLDL: very low density lipoproteins, PYY: peptide YY, GLP-1: glucagon like peptide-1, CCK: cholecystokinin.

• 

  Fig. 2 Prevalence of obesity in male adults (18 years or older) according to World Health Organization (WHO) with data from 2016 (Data from Global Health Observatory Map Gallery, WHO with original copyright holder's permission; http://gamapserver.who.int/mapLibrary/Files/Maps/Global_Obesity_2016_Male.png; accessed in 2018 June 25).

• 

  Fig. 3 Prevalence of raised fasting blood glucose in male adults (18 years or older) according to to World Health Organization (WHO) with data from 2014 (Data from Global Health Observatory Map Gallery, WHO with original copyright holder's permission; http://gamapserver.who.int/mapLibrary/Files/Maps/Global_BloodGlucosePrevalence_Male-2014.png; accessed in 2018 June 25).

• 

  Fig. 4 Prevalence of raised blood cholesterol in male adults (25 years or older) according to World Health Organization (WHO) with data from 2008 (Data from Global Health Observatory Map Gallery, WHO with original copyright holder's permission; http://gamapserver.who.int/mapLibrary/Files/Maps/Global_BloodCholesterolPrevalence_Males_2008.png, accessed in 2018 June 25).

• 

  Fig. 5 Prevalence of raised blood pressure in male adults (18 years or older) according to World Health Organization (WHO) with data from 2015 (Data from Global Health Observatory Map Gallery, WHO with original copyright holder's permission; http://gamapserver.who.int/mapLibrary/Files/Maps/Global_BloodPressurePrevalence_2015_Male.png, accessed in 2018 June 25).

• 

  Fig. 6 Hormonal regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad by hormones affected by metabolic syndrome in man. GnRH: gonadotropin-releasing hormone, FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone, LH: luteinizing hormone, TG: triglycerides, VLDL: very low density lipoproteins.

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