Perinatology.  2019 Mar;30(1):40-45. 10.14734/PN.2019.30.1.40.

Neonatal Severe Anemia Due to Massive Fetomaternal Hemorrhage

• Park HC
• Park SK
• Choi MS

• KMID: 2443176
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.14734/PN.2019.30.1.40

Abstract

Fetomaternal hemorrhage refers to the entry of fetal blood into the maternal circulation before or during delivery. Very small amount of fetal red cells are normally detectable in all pregnancies. Massive fetomaternal bleeding is very rare and even rarer is the resultant severe anemia causing early neonatal death. Especially, the bleeding occurs more than 150 mL from the fetus to the mother, defined as a massive bleeding, even though it is very rare, is known to account for more than 10% of unexplainable deaths of fetuses. Fetal blood is likely to enter the maternal circulation during all pregnancies, without apparent clinical significance in most cases. Decreased or absence of fetal movement is the most common antenatal presentation, observed in approximately 25% of all cases. We hereby report that a severe anemia and dyspnea from a newborn baby was found and that it was treated instantly right after the birth. It was a case of the massive fetomaternal hemorrhage of more than 300 mL.

Keyword

Fetomaternal transfusion; Anemia; Newborn baby

MeSH Terms

Anemia*
Dyspnea
Female
Fetal Blood
Fetal Movement
Fetomaternal Transfusion*
Fetus
Hemorrhage
Humans
Infant, Newborn
Mothers
Parturition
Perinatal Death
Pregnancy

Figure

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  Fig. 1. The baby shows pale skin color on whole body at birth.

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  Fig. 2. The infantogram shows normal cardiac size and shape, also shows intubation tube, umbilical artery and vein catheter inserted state.

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  Fig. 3. The amplitude integrates electroencephalography shows continuous low voltage pattern (lower margin is continuously and without much variability at or below 5 µV and upper margin does not exceed 10 µV) and mimic seizure activity (artifact) due to handling (arrows).

Reference

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