Korean J Radiol.  2019 May;20(5):781-790. 10.3348/kjr.2018.0273.

Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound of Gastric Cancer: Correlation with Perfusion CT and Histopathology

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. shkim7071@gmail.com
  • 2Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

Abstract


OBJECTIVE
To assess the relationship between contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) parameters and perfusion CT (PCT) parameters of gastric cancers and their correlation with histologic features.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This prospective study was approved by our Institutional Review Board. We included 43 patients with pathologically-proven gastric cancers undergoing CEUS using SonoVue® (Bracco) and PCT on the same day. Correlation between the CEUS parameters (peak intensity [PI], area under the curve [AUC], rise time [RT] from 10% to 90% of PI, time to peak [TTPUS], and mean transit time [MTTUS]) and PCT parameters (blood flow, blood volume, TTPCT, MTTCT, and permeability surface product) of gastric cancers were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation test. In cases of surgical resection, the CEUS and PCT parameters were compared according to histologic features using Mann-Whitney test.
RESULTS
CEUS studies were of diagnostic quality in 88.4% (38/43) of patients. Among the CEUS parameters of gastric cancers, RT and TTPUS showed significant positive correlations with TTPCT (rho = 0.327 and 0.374, p = 0.045 and 0.021, respectively); PI and AUC were significantly higher in well-differentiated or moderately-differentiated tumors (n = 4) than poorly-differentiated tumors (n = 18) (p = 0.026 and 0.033, respectively), whereas MTTCT showed significant differences according to histologic types (poorly cohesive carcinoma [PCC] vs. non-PCC), T-staging (≤ T2 vs. ≥ T3), N-staging (N0 vs. N-positive), and epidermal growth factor receptor expression (≤ faint vs. ≥ moderate staining) (p values < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
In patients with gastric cancers, CEUS is technically feasible for the quantification of tumor perfusion and may provide correlative and complementary information to that of PCT, which may allow prediction of histologic features.

Keyword

Stomach cancer; Perfusion imaging; Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS); Histologic grade

MeSH Terms

Area Under Curve
Blood Volume
Ethics Committees, Research
Humans
Perfusion Imaging
Perfusion*
Permeability
Prospective Studies
Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor
Stomach Neoplasms*
Ultrasonography*
Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor

Figure

  • Fig. 1 Calculation of perfusion parameters using CEUS.AUC = area under curve, CEUS = contrast-enhanced ultrasound, MTT = mean transit time, PI = peak intensity, RT = rise time, TTP = time to peak

  • Fig. 2 Sixty-two-year-old male patient with surgically-proven pT2N0 gastric cancer of moderately-differentiated adenocarcinoma.A. Preoperative contrast-enhanced CT image shows enhancing ulceroinfiltrative mass (arrow) at level of gastric mid body. B. CEUS image shows enhancing mass (arrow, green ROI) at corresponding location of water-distended stomach. C. Time-intensity curve analysis reveals PI of 2619 a.u. and AUC of 48820 a.u. ROI = region of interest

  • Fig. 3 Eighty-two-year-old female patient with surgically-proven pT3N0 gastric cancer of poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma.A. Axial CT image shows ulceroinfiltrative mass involving gastric low body and antrum (arrows). B. CEUS image reveals mass (arrows, green ROI) showing mild enhancement. C. Time-intensity curve analysis reveals PI of 36.9 a.u. and AUC of 342.0 a.u.


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