J Korean Acad Nurs.  2019 Feb;49(1):59-68. 10.4040/jkan.2019.49.1.59.

Validity and Reliability of a Korean Version of Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children (YFAS-C)

• Kim JH
• Song JH
• Kim R
• Jang MY
• Hong HJ
• Kim HJ
• Shin SH

• KMID: 2440387
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.1.59

Abstract

PURPOSE
This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Korean version of Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children (YFAS-C).
METHODS
Participants were 419 young adolescent students (11~15 years old). The content validity of the expert group was calculated as the content validity index (CVI) after the translation and reverse translation process of the 25 items of the YFAS-C. The multitrait-multimethod matrix (MTMM) method was used to verify the construct validity; the generalized linear model (GLM) was used to evaluate the concurrent and incremental validity. Reliability was calculated as Kuder-Richardson-20 (KR-20) and Spearman-Brown coefficients.
RESULTS
The CVI of the 25 items was greater than the item-level CVI .80 and the scale-level CVI .90. The Korean version of YFAS-C had verified convergent validity in emotional eating and external eating and discriminant validity in restrained eating. In addition, it had verified concurrent validity in emotional eating and external eating. Finally the incremental validity of the Korean version of YFAS-C was statistically significant on BMI. Reliability was KR-20 α=.69 and the Spearman-Brown coefficient was .64.
CONCLUSION
The Korean version of YFAS-C is a valid and reliable scale for measuring the severity of food addiction; it can be a useful scale for preventing obesity by predicting food addiction early.

Keyword

Validity and Reliability; Food addictions; Child; Adolescent

MeSH Terms

Adolescent
Child*
Eating
Humans
Linear Models
Methods
Obesity
Psychometrics
Reproducibility of Results*

Reference

References

1. Avena NM, Gold MS. Food and addiction: sugars, fats and hedonic overeating. Addiction. 2011; 106(7):1214–1215. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03373.x.

2. Pandit R, de Jong JW, Vanderschuren LJ, Adan RA. Neurobiology of overeating and obesity: The role of melanocortins and beyond. European Journal of Pharmacology. 2011; 660(1):28–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.01.034.

3. Wilson GT. Eating disorders, obesity and addiction. European Eating Disorders Review. 2010; 18(5):341–351. https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.1048.

4. Gearhardt AN, Corbin WR, Brownell KD. Preliminary validation of the Yale Food Addiction Scale. Appetite. 2009; 52(2):430–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2008.12.003.

5. Meule A. How prevalent is “food addiction”? Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2011; 2:61. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2011.00061.

6. Şanlier N, Türközü D, Toka O. Body image, food addiction, depression, and body mass index in university students. Ecology of Food and Nutrition. 2016; 55(6):491–507. https://doi.org/10.1080/03670244.2016.1219951.

7. Hauck C, Weiß A, Schulte EM, Meule A, Ellrott T. Prevalence of ‘food addiction’ as measured with the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 in a representative German sample and its association with sex, age and weight categories. Obesity Facts. 2017; 10(1):12–24. https://doi.org/10.1159/000456013.

8. Keser A, Yüksel A, Yeşiltepe-Mutlu G, Bayhan A, Özsu E, Hatun Ş. A new insight into food addiction in childhood obesity. The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics. 2015; 57(3):219–224.

9. Lee SG. Identifying and predicting patterns of healthy behaviors among elementary school children. Journal of Social Sciences. 2015; 26(2):251–271. https://doi.org/10.16881/jss.2015.04.26.2.251.

10. Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC). The twelfth Korea youth risk behavior web-based survey,2016. Seoul: KCDC;2016. Dec. Report No.:11705.

11. Sahoo K, Sahoo B, Choudhury AK, Sofi NY, Kumar R, Bhadoria AS. Childhood obesity: Causes and consequences. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2015; 4(2):187–192. https://doi.org/10.4103/2249-4863.154628.

12. Kim KO, Jeon YH, Kim YS. The effects of mental health on obesity among Korean adolescents. Journal of Digital Convergence. 2014; 12(10):467–476. https://doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2014.12.10.467.

13. National Health Insurance Service (NHIS). 2017 The obesity white paper. Wonju: NHIS;2017. p. 130.

14. van Strien T, Frijters JE, Bergers GP, Defares PB. The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) for assessment of restrained, emotional, and external eating behavior. International Journal of Eating Disorders. 1986; 5(2):295–315. https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-108X(198602)5:2<295::AID-EAT2260050209>3.0.CO;2-T.

15. Kim HJ, Lee IS, Kim JH. A study of the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology. 1996; 15(1):141–150.

16. Kim YR, Cho SH, Moon JJ. Addictive aspects of eating disorders and obesity. Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association. 2012; 51(1):36–44.

17. Lee SJ, Cloninger CR, Chae H. Cloninger’s temperament and character traits in medical students of Korea with problem eating behaviors. Comprehensive Psychiatry. 2015; 59:98–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.02.006.

18. Gearhardt AN, Roberto CA, Seamans MJ, Corbin WR, Brownell KD. Preliminary validation of the Yale Food Addiction Scale for children. Eating Behaviors. 2013; 14(4):508–512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2013.07.002.

19. Pursey KM, Stanwell P, Gearhardt AN, Collins CE, Burrows TL. The prevalence of food addiction as assessed by the Yale Food Addiction Scale: A systematic review. Nutrients. 2014; 6(10):4552–4590. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6104552.

20. Woo JP. The concept and understanding of structural equation model: Amos 4.0-20.0. Hannarae: Seoul;2012. p. 275–361.

21. Chapman DW, Carter JF. Translation procedures for the cross cultural use of measurement instruments. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis. 1979; 1(3):71–76. https://doi.org/10.3102/01623737001003071.

22. Polit DF, Beck CT, Owen SV. Is the CVI an acceptable indicator of content validity? Appraisal and recommendations. Research in Nursing and Health. 2007; 30(4):459–467. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.20199.

23. Brahma SS. Assessment of construct validity in management research: A structured guideline. Journal of Management Research. 2009; 9(2):59–71.

24. Myers RH, Montgomery DC. A tutorial on generalized linear models. Journal of Quality Technology. 1997; 29(3):274–291. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224065.1997.11979769.

25. Runco MA, Walczyk JJ, Acar S, Cowger EL, Simundson M, Tripp S. The incremental validity of a short form of the ideational Behavior Scale and usefulness of distractor, contraindicative, and Lie Scales. Journal of Creative Behavior. 2014; 48(3):185–197. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocb.47.

26. Burnham KP, Anderson DR. Model selection and multimodel inference: A practical information-theoretic approach. 2nd ed. New York: Springer;2010. p. 70.

27. Field A. Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. 4th ed. London: SAGE;2013. p. 262–279.

28. Meule A, von Rezori V, Blechert J. Food addiction and bulimia nervosa. European Eating Disorders Review. 2014; 22(5):331–337. https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.2306.

29. Meule A, Gearhardt AN. Five years of the Yale Food Addiction Scale: Taking stock and moving forward. Current Addiction Reports. 2014; 1(3):193–205. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-014-0021-z.

30. Bailer J, Rist F, Bräuer W, Rey ER. Patient Rejection Scale: Correlations with symptoms, social disability and number of rehospitalizations. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. 1994; 244(1):45–48.

31. Han GC, Lee EJ, Lee JH, Park SN, Lee HY, Jeon EJ, et al. The study of standardization for a Korean adaptation of self-report measures of dizziness. Journal of the Korean Balance Society. 2004; 3(2):307–325.

32. Lemeshow AR, Rimm EB, Hasin DS, Gearhardt AN, Flint AJ, Field AE, et al. Food and beverage consumption and food addiction among women in the Nurses’ Health Studies. Appetite. 2018; 121:186–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2017.10.038.