Chonnam Med J.  2016 Sep;52(3):151-158. 10.4068/cmj.2016.52.3.151.

Circulating Tumor Cell and Cell-free Circulating Tumor DNA in Lung Cancer

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Universitas Indonesia Faculty of Medicine, Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. fariz.nurwidya@gmail.com

Abstract

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are tumor cells that are separated from the primary site or metastatic lesion and disseminate in blood circulation. CTCs are considered to be part of the long process of cancer metastasis. As a 'liquid biopsy', CTC molecular examination and investigation of single cancer cells create an important opportunity for providing an understanding of cancer biology and the process of metastasis. In the last decade, we have seen dramatic development in defining the role of CTCs in lung cancer in terms of diagnosis, genomic alteration determination, treatment response and, finally, prognosis prediction. The aims of this review are to understand the basic biology and to review methods of detection of CTCs that apply to the various types of solid tumor. Furthermore, we explored clinical applications, including treatment monitoring to anticipate therapy resistance as well as biomarker analysis, in the context of lung cancer. We also explored the potential use of cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the genomic alteration analysis of lung cancer.

Keyword

Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; DNA, Neoplasm; Lung Neoplasms; Biology; Methods

MeSH Terms

Biology
Blood Circulation
Diagnosis
DNA*
DNA, Neoplasm
Lung Neoplasms*
Lung*
Methods
Neoplasm Metastasis
Neoplastic Cells, Circulating*
Prognosis
DNA
DNA, Neoplasm

Figure

  • FIG. 1 Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cell-free circulating tumor (ctDNA) originated from the primary tumor or metastatic lesion circulates in the blood. Reprinted with permission from Sysmex Inostics Corp.

  • FIG. 2 Circulating cell-free tumor DNA exist in the blood in various forms, and could provide information such as mutations, DNA integrity, methylation, viral DNA, and microsatellite alterations. Reprinted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd: Nature Reviews Cancer 11: 426-437, copyright (2011).


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