J Korean Acad Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs.  2018 Dec;27(4):415-426. 10.12934/jkpmhn.2018.27.4.415.

An Exploration of Essentials of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing

• Oh IO
• Nam KA

• KMID: 2430266
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.12934/jkpmhn.2018.27.4.415

Abstract

PURPOSE
This study aimed to explore the essentials of psychiatric and mental health nursing by identifying the care experience of the psychiatric nurses.
METHODS
Eleven psychiatric nurses were recruited across five geographical areas in the Korea. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews from two focus groups, which were analyzed with an inductive content analysis.
RESULTS
Participants constructed two categories including "˜nursing tasks for the client' and "˜nursing tasks for the organization'. Subcategories of nursing tasks for the client are "˜staying alert on crisis prevention', "˜leading them to be real with eager and persistent will', "˜nursing beyond role boundaries', "˜tuning the needs of clients' family', "˜taking journey with clients' personal life history', and "˜doing invisible but recognizable nursing'. Subcategories of nursing tasks for the organization are "˜working as a responsible team member', "˜integrating team competencies at the center of team', and "˜balancing protection and control'.
CONCLUSION
Psychiatric nurses played professional and holistic care roles for the clients, and managerial roles for the organizations. This study provides essential data for defining psychiatric nursing and estimating the appropriate ratio of psychiatric nursing staffing.

Keyword

Psychiatry; Mental health; Nursing; Qualitative research

MeSH Terms

Focus Groups
Humans
Korea
Mental Health*
Nursing
Psychiatric Nursing*
Qualitative Research

Reference

1. Im SB, Chang W, Ko MH, Park Y, Kim EK. Analysis of psychiatric nursing activity and time for development of nursing cost. Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 2012; 21(1):41–54.

2. Bae JI. An experience of the psychiatric nurse: a phenomenological approach. Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 1998; 7(2):298–309.

3. Han KT, Kim SJ, Jang SI, Hahm MI, Kim SJ, Lee SY, et al. The outcomes of psychiatric inpatients by proportion of experienced psychiatrists and nurse staffing in hospital: new findings on improving the quality of mental health care in South Korea. Psychiatry Research. 2015; 229(3):880–886. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.07.051.

4. National Mental Health Center. National mental health statistics: pilot study. [Internet]. 2017. cited 2018 July 20. 324. Available from: http://www.ncmh.go.kr.

5. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Health at a Glance 2013: OECD Indicators. [Internet]. 2013. cited 2018 Aug 11. 213. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1787/health_glance-2013-en.

6. Cleary M, Hunt GE, Horsfall J, Deacon M. Nurse-patient interaction in acute adult inpatient mental health units: a review and synthesis of qualitative studies. Issues in Mental Health Nursing. 2012; 33(2):66–79. DOI: 10.3109/01612840.2011.622428.

7. Bae JI, Son KH. The experience of the psychiatric nurse: a grounded theory approach. Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 2000; 9(4):441–453.

8. Min SY, Kim GH, Choi YJ, Noh CH. The psychiatric nurses' experience in nursing care of client with auditory hallucination. Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 2002; 11(2):145–158.

9. Choi YJ, Min SY, Kim GH, Lee S, Noh CH. The psychiatric nurses' experience in nursing care of client with delusion. Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 2003; 12(3):296–306.

10. Krueger RA, Casey MA. Focus Groups: a practical guide for applied research. 5th ed. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications;2014. p. 280.

11. Elo S, Kyngäs H. The qualitative content analysis process. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2008; 62(1):107–115. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x.

12. Graneheim UH, Lundman B. Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness. Nurse Education Today. 2004; 24(2):105–112. DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2003.10.001.

13. Park JW. Qualitative data analysis: NVivo 9 applications. Seoul: Hyungseul;2011. p. 354.

14. Lincoln YS, Guba EG. Naturalistic inquiry. . Beverly Hills, Calif: Sage Publications;1985. p. 416.

15. Hagen J, Knizek BL, Hjelmeland H. Mental health nurses' experiences of caring for suicidal patients in psychiatric wards: an emotional endeavor. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. 2017; 31(1):31–37. DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2016.07.018.

16. Piat M, Ricard N, Sabetti J, Beauviais L. The values and qualities of being a good helper: a qualitative study of adult foster home caregivers for persons with serious mental illness. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2007; 44(8):1418–1429. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2007.06.001.

17. Sharac J, McCrone P, Sabes-Figuera R, Csipke E, Wood A, Wykes T. Nurse and patient activities and interaction on psychiatric inpatients wards: a literature review. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2010; 47(7):909–917. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.03.012.

18. Park BS, Bae SW. Development of psychosocial rehabilitation service assessment and outcome scale: focusing on psychosocial rehabilitation model. Mental Health and Social Work. 2013; 41(1):114–142.

19. Shin ES, Lee HB, Jeon MS, Kim SH, Yoon BH, Sea YH, et al. Effects of the illness management and recovery program on recovery, knowledge of mental illness, and hope of inpatients with mental illness. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association. 2017; 17(7):579–591. DOI: 10.5392/JKCA.2017.17.07.579.

20. Chae WS, Hardiman ER. The experiences of people with schizophrenia setting goals for recovery in Korea. Mental Health and Social Work. 2016; 44(2):35–58.

21. Grácio J, Gonçalves-Pereira M, Leff J. What do we know about family interventions for psychosis at the process level? A systematic review. Family Process. 2016; 55(1):79–90. DOI: 10.1111/famp.12155.

22. Doody O, Butler MP, Lyons R, Newman D. Families' experiences of involvement in care planning in mental health services: an integrative literature review. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 2017; 24(6):412–430. DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12369.

23. Brady P, Kangas M, McGill K. “Family matters”: a systematic review of the evidence for family psychoeducation for major depressive disorder. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy. 2017; 43(2):245–263. DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12204.

24. Barker P. The Tidal model: developing an empowering, person-centered approach to recovery within psychiatric and mental health nursing. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 2001; 8(3):233–240. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2850.2001.00391.x.

25. Brown MM, Fowler GR. Psychodynamic nursing: a biosocial orientation. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders;1971. p. 358.

26. Michael SP. Invisible skills: how recognition and value need to be given to the ‘invisible skills’ frequently used by mental health nurses, but often unrecognized by those unfamiliar with mental health nursing. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 1994; 1(1):56–57. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2850.1994.tb00019.x.

27. Stein LI. The doctor-nurse game. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1967; 16(6):699–703. DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1967.01730240055009.

28. Holyoake DD. Is the doctor-nurse game being played? Nursing Times. 2011; 107(43):12–14.

29. Kim YA, Han CH, Kim HY. A study on effects of emotional labor organizational commitment: focusing on comparison of nurses between public and private asylums. Korean Public Personnel Administration Review. 2015; 14(1):133–155.

30. Bowers L. Safewards: a new model of conflict and containment on psychiatric wards. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 2014; 21(6):499–508. DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12129.