2. Lee KS, Jeong HS, Hwang SW, Choi DB. Efficient management of elderly medical expenses for aged society. Research Report. Kangwon: National Health Insurance Service;2017. April.
3. Fried LP, Ferrucci L, Darer J, Williamson JD, Anderson G. Untangling the concepts of disability, frailty, and comorbidity: Implications for improved targeting and care. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2004; 59(3):255–263.
Article
5. Park JK. Experience of frailty in Korean elderly: A phenomenological study utilizing the Colaizzi method. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2017; 47(4):562–574. DOI:
10.4040/jkan.2017.47.4.562.
Article
6. Ministry of Health & Welfare. The guideline for community integration health promotion program: visiting health care. Sejong: Ministry of Health & Welfare;2015. p. 116.
7. Kim SH. Effects of a volunteer-run peer support program on health and satisfaction with social support of older adults living alone. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2012; 42(4):525–536. DOI:
10.4040/jkan.2012.42.4.525.
Article
8. Choo JA. An obesity prevention framework for vulnerable children based on a methodology of community-based participatory research: Using a strategy of training community lay health advisors. Research Report. Seoul: Korea Health Promotion Institute;2013. January. p. Report No. Q1303651.
9. Jeon DS. A study on the promotion of volunteer services for community welfare [dissertation]. Seoul: Dankoon University;2006. 289 p.
10. Choi YH, Kim NY. The effects of an exercise program using a resident volunteer as a lay health leader for leaders' physical fitness, cognitive function, depression, and quality of life. J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2013; 24(3):346–357. DOI:
10.12799/jkachn.2013.24.3.346.
11. Gu MO, Eun Y, Kim ES, Ahn HR, Kwon IS, Oh HS, et al. Effects of an elder health promotion program using the strategy of elder health leader training in senior citizen halls. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2012; 42(1):125–135. DOI:
10.4040/jkan.2012.42.1.125.
Article
12. Hyun SH, Lee GY. Effects of as women's health leader education program for middle-aged in an urban area. Health Soc Welf Rev. 2012; 32(4):551–576.
13. Kim HY, Park MH. Physical function and ego-integrity in frail and non-frail elders in local community. J Korean Gerontol Nurs. 2014; 16(1):27–37. DOI:
10.17079/jkgn.2014.16.1.27.
14. Lee IS, Ko Y, Lee KO, Yim ES. Evaluation of the effects of a frailty preventing multi-factorial program concentrated on local communities foe high-risk younger and older elderly people. J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2012; 23(2):201–211.
15. Kwon SM, Park JS. The effect of health promotion program for frail elderly residents on health promoting behavior and health status. Korean J Adult Nurs. 2013; 25(2):194–206. DOI:
10.7475/kjan.2013.25.2.194.
Article
16. Kim HG. The effects of home visit healthcare using a complex program on community -dwelling frail elders' strength, frailty, and depression. J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2015; 26(4):405–414. DOI:
10.12799/jkachn.2015.26.4.405.
17. Huffman M. Health coaching: a new and exciting technique to enhance patient self management and improve outcomes. Home Healthc Nurse. 2007; 25(4):271–274. DOI:
10.1097/01.NHH.0000267287.84952.8f.
18. Park CR, Song MS, Cho BL, Lim JY, Song W, Chang HK, et al. Effects of a multi-disciplinary approached, empowerment theory based self-management intervention in older adults with chronic illness. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2015; 45(2):192–201. DOI:
10.4040/jkan.2015.45.2.192.
Article
19. Anderson RM, Funnell MM. Patient empowerment: Reflections on the challenge of fostering the adoption of a new paradigm. Patient Educ Couns. 2005; 57(2):153–157. DOI:
10.1016/j.pec.2004.05.008.
Article
22. Park JS, Oh YJ. Health promotion behavior, perceived health status, social participation and empowerment in frail elderly receiving home visiting services. J Korean Public Health Nurs. 2017; 31(2):244–256. DOI:
10.5932/JKPHN.2017.31.2.244.
23. Do HJ, Lee YM. A study on customized nutrition intervention program design and application for the low-income elderly. Korean J Community Nutr. 2011; 16(6):716–729. DOI:
10.5720/kjcn.2011.16.6.716.
Article
24. Hong YA. Effect of health screening on health promotion behaviors in the elderly [master's thesis]. Seoul: Yonsei University;2003. 61 p.
25. Lawston MP, Moss M, Fulcomer M, Kleban MH. A research and service oriented multilevel assessment instrument. J Gerontol. 1982; 37(1):91–99. DOI:
10.1093/geronj/37.1.91.
26. Parsons RJ. Empowerment based social work practice: A study of process and outcome. Poster session presented at: The 41st annual program meeting of the council on social work education. 1995 March 2–5; Sandiego, CA.
27. Mangen DJ, Peterson WA. Research instruments in social gerontology: Social roles and social participation. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press;1982. 557 p.
28. Jeon JY. A study of relevant factors affecting social participation of the elderly [master's thesis]. Seoul: Soongsil University;2003. 100 p.
30. Ju SS, Jeong HS, Yun YM. A study on the actual conditions and activation plan of volunteer activities (2017 year). Sejong: Ministry of Interior and Safety;2018. 166 p.