J Korean Ophthalmol Soc.  2018 Nov;59(11):1009-1016. 10.3341/jkos.2018.59.11.1009.

Comparative Effect of Spectacles and Orthokeratology Lenses on Axial Elongation in Children with Mild-to-Moderate Myopia

• Kim TH
• Kim MH
• Kwag JY
• Choi JS
• Pak KH
• Lee K
• Park T
• Chung SK
• Hyun J

• KMID: 2426361
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2018.59.11.1009

Abstract

PURPOSE
To assess the effect on axial elongation and associated factors between spectacles and of orthokeratology lens (OK) wearing in children with mild to moderate myopia.
METHODS
A total of one hundred subjects, ranging in age from 6 to 13 years, and with mild to moderate myopia no more than −4.50 diopters in spherical equivalent, visited our clinic from 2013 to 2015. The OK group (75 eyes) and the spectacles group (64 eyes) were compared and analyzed on the axial elongation and associated factors.
RESULTS
In the OK group, axial length was elongated in 1 year period with a mean increase of 0.24 ± 0.29 mm. In spectacles group, axial length was elongated in 1 year period with a mean increase of 0.42 ± 0.20 mm. The statistically significant suppression of axial elongation was observed in OK group compared to the spectacles group (Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0.05). For OK group, the age of starting OK (Pearson's correlation, r = −0.481, p < 0.05) was the only influencing factor on axial elongation, which had negative correlation with axial elongation. In spectacles group, the age of starting spectacles had negative correlation with axial elongation (Pearson's correlation, r = −0.462, p < 0.05) and baseline spherical equivalent, spherical diopter, cylindrical diopter from manifest refraction had positive correlation with axial elongation. Comparison of axial elongation in orthokeratology lens group and spectacles group by age groups (6 to 9 years [28 eyes], 9 to 13 years [47 eyes]), 9 to 13 years of orthokeratology lens group had the stronger suppression of axial elongation (Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The OK effectively suppresses axial elongation compared to the spectacles. Although the patients are in age from 9 to 13 years, the axial elongation was effectively suppressed.

Keyword

Axial elongation; Myopia; Orthokeratology lens

MeSH Terms

Child*
Eyeglasses*
Humans
Myopia*

Figure

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  Figure 1. Means of axial length in the orthokeratology lens group and control groups over 1 year in 6 months period. Values in the table are presented as mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise indicated. * Mann-Whitney U test.

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  Figure 2. Comparison of axial elongation between young and old age groups in orthokeratology lens group and spectacles group. Significantly different axial elongation groups between A and B (p-value = 0.000*), C and D (p-value = 0.001*), and B and D (p-value = 0.000*). * Mann-Whitney U test.

• 

  Figure 3. Graph of Pearson's correlation between changes in axial length and age, baseline spherical equivalent, baseline spherical diopter and baseline cylindrical diopter in orthokeratology lens group and spectacles group. (A) Negative correlation between change in axial length and age in both orthokeratology lens group (p = 0.000) and spectacles group (p = 0.000). (B-D) No correlations between change in axial length and baseline spherical equivalent, spherical diopter and cylindrical diopter in orthokeratology lens group (p = 0.224, p = 0.206, p = 0.461), but positive correlation in spectacles group (p = 0.000, p = 0.005, p = 0.002). * Statistically significant in Pearson's correlation coefficient test (p < 0.05).

Reference

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