J Korean Acad Prosthodont.  2018 Jul;56(3):179-187. 10.4047/jkap.2018.56.3.179.

The effect of heat to remove cement on implant titanium abutment and screw

• Yi HG
• Gil KS
• Lee JJ
• Ahn SG
• Seo JM

• KMID: 2416809
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4047/jkap.2018.56.3.179

Abstract

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of heat applied to disintegrate cement on the removal torque value and fracture strength of titanium abutment and abutment screw.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Implants, titanium abutments and abutment screws were prepared for each 20 piece. Implant abutments and screws were classified as the control group in which no heat was applied and the experimental group was heated in a vacuum furnace to 450℃ for 8 minutes and cooled in air. The abutments and screws were connected to the implants with 30 Ncm tightening torque at interval 10 minutes and the removal torque value was measured 15 minutes later. And the fracture strength of abutment screw was measured using universal testing machine.
RESULTS
The mean removal torque value was 27.84 ± 1.07 Ncm in the control group and 26.55 ± 1.56 Ncm in the experimental group and showed statistically significant difference (P < .05). The mean fracture strength was 731.47 ± 39.46 N in the control group and 768.58 ± 46.73 N in the experimental group and showed statistically no significant difference (P > .05).
CONCLUSION
The heat applied for cement disintegration significantly reduced the removal torque value of the abutment screw and did not significantly affect fracture strength of the abutment screw. Therefore, in the case of applying heat to disintegrate cement it is necessary to separate the abutment screw or pay attention to the reuse of the heated screw. However further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical reuse of the heated screw.

Keyword

Implant abutment; Abutment screw; Removal torque value; Fracture strength

MeSH Terms

Hot Temperature*
Titanium*
Torque
Vacuum
Titanium

Figure

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  Fig. 1. Materials used in the experiment. (A) Implant, (B) Abutment, (C) Abutment screw.

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  Fig. 2. Implant embedding and fixation with specimen holder. (A) Autopolymerizing acrylic resin replica, (B, C) Putty die, (D) Implant embedded with acrylic resin, (E) Embedded implant in specimen holder. 3 mm below the platform was not embedded to reflect vertical bone resorption.

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  Fig. 3. Vacuum furnace.

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  Fig. 4. Experimental design for removal torque value test. (A) After implant was fixed with specimen holder, abutment screwed on the implant. Abutment screw was tightened with an insertion torque of 30 Ncm and retightened after 10 minutes, (B) Digital torque meter was used to reach reproducible and accurate force. Removal torque value was measured after 15 minutes using the digital torque meter.

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  Fig. 5. Experimental design for static compressive loading test. (A) Universal testing machine, (B) Implant-screw-abutment assembly was fixed in specimen holder. The specimen was positioned so that the load was applied at an angle of 30 degrees to the long axis of the assembly. The tin foil was placed between abutment and loading piston for even force.

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  Fig. 6. Removal torque value of abutment screw. Histogram showing mean removal torque value of abutment screws. The removal torque value was significantly different between the two groups (P < .05).

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  Fig. 7. Fractured abutment screw at the shank area.

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  Fig. 8. Fracture load of abutment screw. Histogram showing mean fracture load of abutment screws. The fracture load was not significantly different between the two groups (P > .05).

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