J Adv Prosthodont.  2018 Apr;10(2):113-121. 10.4047/jap.2018.10.2.113.

Effects of incorporation of 2.5 and 5 wt% TiOâ‚‚ nanotubes on fracture toughness, flexural strength, and microhardness of denture base poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA)

• Abdulrazzaq Naji S
• Behroozibakhsh M
• Jafarzadeh Kashi TS
• Eslami H
• Masaeli R
• Mahgoli H
• Tahriri M
• Ghavvami Lahiji M
• Rakhshan V

• KMID: 2409630
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4047/jap.2018.10.2.113

Abstract

PURPOSE
The aim of this preliminary study was to investigate, for the first time, the effects of addition of titania nanotubes (n-TiO2) to poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) on mechanical properties of PMMA denture base.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
TiO2 nanotubes were prepared using alkaline hydrothermal process. Obtained nanotubes were assessed using FESEM-EDX, XRD, and FT-IR. For 3 experiments of this study (fracture toughness, three-point bending flexural strength, and Vickers microhardness), 135 specimens were prepared according to ISO 20795-1:2013 (n of each experiment=45). For each experiment, PMMA was mixed with 0% (control), 2.5 wt%, and 5 wt% nanotubes. From each TiO2:PMMA ratio, 15 specimens were fabricated for each experiment. Effects of n-TiO2 addition on 3 mechanical properties were assessed using Pearson, ANOVA, and Tukey tests.
RESULTS
SEM images of n-TiO2 exhibited the presence of elongated tubular structures. The XRD pattern of synthesized n-TiO2 represented the anatase crystal phase of TiO2. Moderate to very strong significant positive correlations were observed between the concentration of n-TiO2 and each of the 3 physicomechanical properties of PMMA (Pearson's P value ≤.001, correlation coefficient ranging between 0.5 and 0.9). Flexural strength and hardness values of specimens modified with both 2.5 and 5 wt% n-TiO2 were significantly higher than those of control (P≤.001). Fracture toughness of samples reinforced with 5 wt% n-TiO2 (but not those of 2.5% n-TiO2) was higher than control (P=.002).
CONCLUSION
Titania nanotubes were successfully introduced for the first time as a means of enhancing the hardness, flexural strength, and fracture toughness of denture base PMMA.

Keyword

Titania nanotubes; Denture base resin; Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA); Fracture toughness; Flexural strength; Vickers microhardness

MeSH Terms

Denture Bases*
Dentures*
Hardness
Nanotubes*
Polymethyl Methacrylate
Polymethyl Methacrylate

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Arrangement of wax patterns within the flask.

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  Fig. 2 (A, B) SEM image of synthesized n-TiO2 indicates elongated tubular structures; (C) the EDS of synthesized powder in a selected region.

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  Fig. 3 X-ray diffraction of n-TiO2 tubes.

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  Fig. 4 FTIR spectra of n-TiO2 tubes.

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  Fig. 5 (A) Mechanical properties of non-modified PPMA, (B) mechanical properties of PPMA modified with 2.5 wt% n-TiO2 tubes, (C) mechanical properties of PPMA modified with 5 wt% n-TiO2 tubes.

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