Nat Prod Sci.  2018 Mar;24(1):66-70. 10.20307/nps.2018.24.1.66.

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Helminthostachys zeylanica against Foodborne Bacillus cereus

• Yenn TW
• Ring LC
• Zahan KA
• Abdul Rahman MS
• Tan WN
• Shaik Alaudin BJ

• KMID: 2409612
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.20307/nps.2018.24.1.66

Abstract

Helminthostachys zeylanica is a rare plant grows in lightly shaded areas. The fern was traditionally used as antipyretic and antiphlogistic agents. This study was aimed to evaluate the antibacterial potential of H. zeylanica on foodborne Bacillus cereus. The chemical composition of its ethanolic extract was also determined. The plant samples were collected at Kampung Kebun Relong, Kedah, Malaysia. The ethanolic extract showed significant inhibitory activity on B. cereus with a sizeable clear zone detected on disc diffusion assay. On broth microdilution assay, the MIC of the extract on B. cereus was 6.25 mg/ml and the MBC was 12.5 mg/ml. The inhibitory activity of the extract on B. cereus was bactericidal. In the growth dynamic study, the antibacterial efficacy of the extract was concentration dependent, where a lower colony forming unit count was obtained with increased extract concentration. The SEM micrograph of extract treated B. cereus cells showed invaginations of cell wall. The bacterial cell structure collapsed after 24 h exposure to the extract. The GCMS analysis of the extract showed that the major constituents of the extract were phenol (36.26%) and quercetin (29.70%). This study is important as it shows the potential use of H. zeylanica as an effective agent to control B. cereus related infections.

Keyword

Antimicrobial activity; Bacillus cereus; Helminthostachys zeylanica

MeSH Terms

Bacillus cereus*
Bacillus*
Cell Wall
Diffusion
Ethanol
Ferns
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Malaysia
Phenol
Plants
Quercetin
Stem Cells
Ethanol
Phenol
Quercetin

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Growth dynamic analysis of B. cereus after exposure to various concentration (MIC, 2 MIC/ MLC, 2 MLC) of H. zeylica ethanolic extract. The antibacterial activity of the extract was concentration dependent, where lower colony count was obtained with increased extract concentration.

• 

  Fig. 2 The SEM micrograph of B. cereus cells treated with (A) methanol with magnification 5000 × (B) 50 mg/mL of ethanolic extract of H. zeylanica for 24 h with magnification 3000 ×. The bacterial cells were first exposed to the extract and the cellular morphology of the cells were observed under SEM.

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