J Cancer Prev.  2017 Jun;22(2):103-107. 10.15430/JCP.2017.22.2.103.

Prevalence, Age Distribution, and Risk Factors of Visual Inspection With Acetic Acid-Positive From 2007 to 2011 in Jakarta

• Nuranna L
• Donny NB
• Purwoto G
• Winarto H
• Utami TW
• Anggraeni
• Peters AA

• KMID: 2400774
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.15430/JCP.2017.22.2.103

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Cervical cancer is still the second most frequent cancer among Indonesian women, thus screening program is still critically important to prevent it. Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) was introduced as a method which is most suitable with Indonesia's condition compared with the other screening methods. The Female Cancer Program from Jakarta Regional collaborated with Leiden University in 2007 to 2011 has done cervical cancer screening using VIA method, involving 25,406 women spreading across several primary health centers in Jakarta. By using these data, we found out the prevalence, age distribution, and risk factor of VIA positive in Jakarta as a basis to predict the budget and logistics for the next cervical cancer screening and to do an advocating to the Jakarta's government.
METHODS
A secondary data analysis was conducted from several areas in Jakarta from 2007 to 2011. VIA test was used as the screening method, and performed by doctors and midwives with technical supervision by gynecologists.
RESULTS
From 25,406 women, there were 1,192 cases (4.7%) of VIA test positive. The risk factors that can significantly influence the result of VIA positive were number of marriage, parity, smoking habits, and the use of hormonal contraception with OR 1.51, 1.85, 1.95, and 0.68, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Prevalence of VIA test-positive is 4.7% in Jakarta population. The findings of precancerous lesions and cervical cancers are not only between thirty and fifty years old, but also below the thirty years old and after fifty years old. We suggest that VIA test should be performed to all reproductive age and elder women who are not screened yet.

Keyword

Mass screening; Uterine cervical neoplasm; Visual inspection with acetic acid

MeSH Terms

Acetic Acid
Age Distribution*
Budgets
Contraception
Female
Humans
Marriage
Mass Screening
Methods
Midwifery
Organization and Administration
Parity
Prevalence*
Risk Factors*
Smoke
Smoking
Statistics as Topic
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Acetic Acid
Smoke