J Vet Sci.  2017 Dec;18(4):515-520. 10.4142/jvs.2017.18.4.515.

Arthroscopic detection of medial meniscal injury with the use of a joint distractor in small-breed dogs

Affiliations
  • 1College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
  • 2College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea. seatiger76@cnu.ac.kr

Abstract

The goal of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of a joint distractor in arthroscopy in small-breed dogs. Sixty stifle joints, which were collected from thirty cadavers, were used in this study. To simulate different injuries, no medial meniscal tear, a full-thickness vertical longitudinal tear, a partial-thickness vertical longitudinal tear, full- and partial-thickness vertical longitudinal tears, or a peripheral detachment were created on the caudal horn of the medial meniscus of each stifle joint along with rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament. Each stifle joint then underwent arthroscopy with and without a joint distractor. The sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and correct classification rate (CCR) for the diagnosis of each type of medial meniscus pathology were calculated. For arthroscopy with and without a joint distractor, the Sn was 85% and 60%, the Sp was 96% and 92%, the PPV was 85% and 65%, the NPV was 96% and 90%, and the CCR was 94% and 86%, respectively. Arthroscopy is an effective diagnostic method for the assessment of medial meniscal pathologies in small-breed dogs, especially when performed with the aid of a joint distractor.

Keyword

arthroscopy; canine meniscus; joint distractor; small-breed dogs; stifle

MeSH Terms

Animals
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Arthroscopy
Cadaver
Classification
Diagnosis
Dogs*
Horns
Joints*
Menisci, Tibial
Methods
Pathology
Rupture
Sensitivity and Specificity
Stifle
Tears

Figure

  • Fig. 1 Schematic diagrams of canine medial meniscal injuries. (A) Normal meniscus. (B) Full-thickness vertical longitudinal tear. (C) Partial-thickness vertical longitudinal tear. (D) Multiple vertical longitudinal tears. (E) Peripheral detachment of the medial meniscus.

  • Fig. 2 Photograph of a joint distractor.

  • Fig. 3 The arthroscopic appearance of partial-thickness longitudinal medial meniscal tears. (A and B) The same stifle with a joint distractor applied in both cases. (A) An intact meniscus. (B) A tear is revealed by probing. The same stifle without a joint distractor (C) and with a joint distractor (D). By probing, tears were observed in both C and D, but the joint space in C appears narrower than in D. M, meniscus; T, tibia; F, femur.


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