1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Washington D.C.: American Psychiatric Association;2013. p. 948.
2. Ha JH, Yu JH. Various meanings of psychopathy. Psychoanalysis. 2011; 22:27–33.
3. Kim DT. A study on suffering experience of adolescents with delinquency traits [dissertation]. Cheonan: Baekseok University;2009. 131.
4. Ambert AM. The effect of children on parents. New York: Haworth Press;1992. p. 308.
5. Garbarino J. Foreword: Pathways from childhood trauma to adolescent violent and delinquency. J Aggress Maltreat Trauma. 2002; 6(1):22–29.
6. Kim JY, Nam IS, Choi SA. The effects of parental discipline styles on adolescent hostility: focusing on the mediating effect of the parent-child relationship. Korean J Fam Welf. 2010; 15(3):121–147.
7. Cho YO. Gender differences in prevalence and predictors of school violence. J Adolesc Welf. 2013; 15(1):155–179.
8. Choi MM. Study of family coping to conduct disorder adolescents. J Korean Soc Child Welf. 2003; 15:137–170.
9. Pyo HN, Kim HM. A study on the effect of family function on child conduct disorder. J Korean Counc Child Rights. 2005; 9(3):505–525.
10. Jung KO. Qualitative research on school life-related troublesome behavior by adolescents and parent's experience [master's thesis]. Seoul: Myongji University;2010. 47.
11. Yang HW, Kim HS. Parenting experience of the mothers of domestic violence: Focused on the shelter residents. Korean J Fam Soc Work. 2009; 26:123–158.
12. Kim JY. The effects of child's perceived parent-child communication style and self-esteem on child's behavioral problem[master's thesis]. Seoul: Seoul Women's University;2004. 83.
13. Kwon JH, Lee EH. The effects of impulsivity, parent's childrearing attitude, parent-adolescent communication, and self-control on adolescent problem behavior. Stud Korean Youth. 2006; 17(1):325–351.
14. Parse RR. The human becoming school of thought: A perspective for nurse & other health professionals. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.;1998. p. 144.
16. Parse RR. The human becoming modes of inquiry: Refinements. Nurs Sci Q. 2011; 24(1):11–15. DOI:
10.1177/0894318410389066.
17. Diane Loomans. 100 Ways to build self-esteem and teach values. Tiburon, CA: HJ Kramer/New World Library;2003. p. 360.
18. Padgett DK.
TG Yu
. Qualitative methods in social work research. Paju: Nanam;2005. p. 280.
19. Yon HJ, Han AK, Yoon HM. Parenting behaviors, childhood abuse experience and psychopathic traits of male juvenile offenders focused on the mediating role of self-control. Ment Health Soc Work. 2011; 38:141–171.
21. Choi MJ, Im SB. Communication experience between nurses and married immigrant women during their children's hospitalization. Commun Healthc. 2011; 6(2):133–148.
22. Han JY, Choi SS. A Phenomenological study on the caring experience in families with mental disabled children. Ment Health Soc Work. 2016; 44(2):5–34.