1. Klein BE, Moss SE, Klein R, Surawicz TS. The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. XIII. Relationship of serum cholesterol to retinopathy and hard exudate. Ophthalmology. 1991; 98:1261–1265.
2. Colhoun HM, Betteridge DJ, Durrington PN, et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with atorvastatin in type 2 diabetes in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2004; 364:685–696.
3. Meyers SM. Macular edema after scatter laser photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1980; 90:210–216.
4. McDonald HR, Schatz H. Visual loss following panretinal photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmology. 1985; 92:388–393.
5. Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1993; 329:977–986.
6. Chew EY, Klein ML, Ferris FL 3rd, et al. Association of elevated serum lipid levels with retinal hard exudate in diabetic retinopathy. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) Report 22. Arch Ophthalmol. 1996; 114:1079–1084.
7. Miljanovic B, Glynn RJ, Nathan DM, et al. A prospective study of serum lipids and risk of diabetic macular edema in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes. 2004; 53:2883–2892.
8. Asensio-Sánchez VM, Gómez-Ramírez V, Morales-Gómez I, Rodríguez-Vaca I. Clinically significant diabetic macular edema: systemic risk factors. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2008; 83:173–176.
9. Ozer PA, Unlu N, Demir MN, et al. Serum lipid profile in diabetic macular edema. J Diabetes Complications. 2009; 23:244–248.
10. Khan HA, Sobki SH, Khan SA. Association between glycaemic control and serum lipids profile in type 2 diabetic patients: HbA1c predicts dyslipidaemia. Clin Exp Med. 2007; 7:24–29.
11. Ahmad Khan H. Clinical significance of HbA1c as a marker of circulating lipids in male and female type 2 diabetic patients. Acta Diabetol. 2007; 44:193–200.
12. Man RE, Sasongko MB, Wang JJ, et al. The association of estimated glomerular filtration rate with diabetic retinopathy and macular edema. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015; 56:4810–4816.
13. Penno G, Solini A, Zoppini G, et al. Rate and determinants of association between advanced retinopathy and chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: the Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Italian multicenter study. Diabetes Care. 2012; 35:2317–2323.
14. Grunwald JE, Alexander J, Ying GS, et al. Retinopathy and chronic kidney disease in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study. Arch Ophthalmol. 2012; 130:1136–1144.
15. Chen H, Zheng Z, Huang Y, et al. A microalbuminuria threshold to predict the risk for the development of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. PLoS One. 2012; 7:e36718.
16. Ishibazawa A, Nagaoka T, Takahashi K, et al. Association between diabetic macular edema and chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013; 54:2400.
17. Giorgino F, Laviola L, Cavallo Perin P, et al. Factors associated with progression to macroalbuminuria in microalbuminuric Type 1 diabetic patients: the EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study. Diabetologia. 2004; 47:1020–1028.
18. Perkins BA, Ficociello LH, Silva KH, et al. Regression of microalbuminuria in type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2003; 348:2285–2293.
19. Hovind P, Tarnow L, Rossing P, et al. Predictors for the development of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria in patients with type 1 diabetes: inception cohort study. BMJ. 2004; 328:1105.
20. Cockcroft DW, Gault MH. Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron. 1976; 16:31–41.