J Neurogastroenterol Motil.  2017 Jan;23(1):34-40. 10.5056/jnm16028.

Failed Deglutitive Upper Esophageal Sphincter Relaxation Is a Risk Factor for Aspiration in Stroke Patients with Oropharyngeal Dysphagia

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
  • 2Department of Physical and Rehabilitation, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. pjho3@hotmail.com
  • 3Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
  • 4School of Material Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea.

Abstract

BACKGROUND/AIMS
We attempted to examine the relationship between abnormal findings on high-resolution manometry (HRM) and videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) of the pharynx and upper esophageal sphincter (UES), and to identify the risk factors for aspiration.
METHODS
We performed VFSS and HRM on the same day in 36 ischemic stroke patients (mean age, 67.5 years) with dysphagia. Pressure (basal, median intra bolus, and nadir), relaxation time interval of the UES, and mesopharyngeal and hypopharyngeal contractility (as a contractile integral) were examined using HRM. The parameters of VFSS were vallecular residue, pyriform sinus residue, vallecular overflow, penetration, and aspiration. The association between the parameters of VFSS and HRM was analyzed by the Student's t test.
RESULTS
Three (8.3%) and 4 (11.1%) stroke patients with dysphagia had pyriform sinus residue and vallecular sinus residue, respectively, and 5 (13.8%) patients showed aspiration. Mesopharyngeal and hypopharyngeal contractile integrals in patients with residue in the pyriform sinus were significantly lower than those in patients without residue in the pyriform sinus (P < 0.05). Relaxation time intervals in patients with aspiration were significantly shorter than those in patients without aspiration (P < 0.05), and multivariate regression analysis revealed a shorter relaxation time interval as the main risk factor for aspiration (OR, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01-0.65; P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Manometric measurements of the pharynx and UES were well correlated with abnormal findings in the VFSS, and a shorter relaxation time interval of the UES during deglutition is an important parameter for the development of aspiration.

Keyword

Deglutition; Manometry; Pyriform sinus; Stroke; Upper esophageal sphincter

MeSH Terms

Deglutition
Deglutition Disorders*
Esophageal Sphincter, Upper*
Humans
Manometry
Pharynx
Pyriform Sinus
Relaxation*
Risk Factors*
Stroke*
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