Asian Nurs Res.  2015 Dec;9(4):318-327. 10.1016/j.anr.2015.09.002.

Blended Infant MassageeParenting Enhancement Program on Recovering Substance-Abusing Mothers' Parenting Stress, Self-Esteem, Depression, Maternal Attachment, and Mother-Infant Interaction

• Porter LS
• Porter BO
• McCoy V
• Bango-Sanchez V
• Kissel B
• Williams M
• Nunnewar S

• KMID: 2363353
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2015.09.002

Abstract

PURPOSE
This study aimed to determine whether a blended Infant MassageeParenting Enhancement Program (IMPEP) improved maternal psychosocial health outcomes (parenting stress, depressive symptoms, self-esteem, maternal attachment) and maternal-infant interaction among substanceaddicted mothers (SAMs) actively engaged in outpatient rehabilitation.
METHODS
Designed as a randomized, three-group controlled trial testing two levels of psychoeducational intervention (IMPEP vs. PEP) and a control group (standard care parenting resources), the studywas conducted in two substance abuse centers in southeast Florida on a convenience sample of 138 recovering SAM-infant pairs. IMPEP or PEP classes were held weekly onWeeks 2e5, with data collected at baseline (Week 1),Week 6, andWeek 12 via structured interviews, observation (Observation Checklist onMaternal-Infant Interaction), and self-administered questionnaires (Abidin Parenting Stress Index, Beck Depression Inventory, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Muller's Maternal Attachment Inventory), analyzed descriptively and inferentially using Kruskall-Wallis analysis of variance and post hoc Wilcoxon rank sum and Mann-Whitney U tests.
RESULTS
Both IMPEP and PEP groups had significantly increased Parenting Stress Index scores (decreased parenting stress) and decreased Beck Depression Inventory scores (decreased depressive symptoms) compared to controls at Week 12, whereas there were no clinically meaningful differences among study groups in Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Muller's Maternal Attachment Inventory, or Observation Checklist on Maternal-Infant Interaction scores. Only the IMPEP group showed significant improvements in both psychological and physical (waist-hip ratio) measures of parenting stress over time.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings suggest that infant massage blended into a structured parenting program has value-added effects in decreasing parenting stress and maternal depressive symptoms, but not on SAM's self-esteem, attachment, or maternal-infant interaction.

Keyword

massage; mental health; mothers; parenting education; substance-related disorders

MeSH Terms

Adult
Depressive Disorder/*prevention & control
Female
Florida
Humans
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Male
Massage
Maternal Behavior/*psychology
Mother-Child Relations/*psychology
Mothers/*education/*psychology
Parenting/*psychology
Program Evaluation
Self Concept
Stress, Psychological
Substance-Related Disorders/*psychology/rehabilitation
Young Adult