Lab Anim Res.  2016 Dec;32(4):267-271. 10.5625/lar.2016.32.4.267.

Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features of compressive cervical myelopathy with traumatic intervertebral disc herniation in cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis)

Affiliations
  • 1Transplantation Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. jaeil@snu.ac.kr
  • 2Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
  • 3Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
  • 4Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

Abstract

Intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH) with nucleus pulposus extrusion, traumatic or not, is a devastating clinical condition accompanied by neurological problems. Here we report a cynomolgus macaque suffering from acute and progressive neurological dysfunction by a blunt trauma due to neck collar, an animal handling device. Tetraplegia, urinary incontinence, decreased proprioception, and imperception of pain were shown on physical and neurological examinations. MRI sagittal T2 weighted sequences revealed an extensive protrusion of disc material between C2 and C3 cervical vertebra, and this protrusion resulted in central stenosis of the spinal cord. Histopathologic findings showed a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrated at sites of spinal cord injury (SCI). This case is the first report of compressive cervical SCI caused by IVDH associated with blunt trauma.

Keyword

Intervertebral disc herniation; spinal cord injury; tetraplegia; blunt trauma; cynomolgus macaque

MeSH Terms

Animals
Constriction, Pathologic
Intervertebral Disc*
Macaca*
Magnetic Resonance Imaging*
Neck
Neurologic Examination
Proprioception
Quadriplegia
Spinal Cord
Spinal Cord Diseases*
Spinal Cord Injuries
Spine
Urinary Incontinence

Figure

  • Figure 1 Cervical myelogram of the monkey with a disappearance (yellow arrow) of ventral contrast column between C1 and C4.

  • Figure 2 (A) Sagittal T2-weighted image of a suspected extradural compressive material above C2-C3. Extension and narrowing of the affected spinal cord is also evident. (B) Transverse T2-weighted image with the outlined cross-sectional area of the spinal cord at the level of compression.

  • Figure 3 Histopathology of the affected spinal cord (H&E stain). (A) Excessive compression of inflammatory degeneration from the dura mater (DM) to the white mater (WM), (40× magnification, bar=200 µm). (B) A large number of inflammatory cells including neutrophils and lymphocytes are infiltrated (400× magnification, bar=50 µm).


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