J Minim Invasive Surg.  2016 Jun;19(2):75-78. 10.7602/jmis.2016.19.2.75.

Three Dimensional Laparoscopy Improves Surgical Performance: Comparative Study in a Cadaver

• Lee JK
• Lee SH
• Kim JG
• Lee YS
• Lee KY
• Park SJ
• Kye BH
• Lee SC
• Lim SW
• SIMPLE Study Group

• KMID: 2362241
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.7602/jmis.2016.19.2.75

Abstract

PURPOSE
Conventional laparoscopy using a two-dimensional (2D) has limited performance because of insufficient representation of the stereoscopic effect. Development of three-dimensional (3D) imaging technology has improved depth perception, shortened the execution time and reduced error number. This study was designed to identify the effects of 3D imaging on surgical performance for skilled professionals and surgical residents.
METHODS
Two laparoscopic skills tasks, each with three repetitions, were performed by seven experienced laparoscopic surgeons, two minimally experienced laparoscopic surgeons, and three inexperienced surgical residents under both 2D and 3D conditions with two cadavers. Outcome measures were time for task completion and subjective assessment of performance.
RESULTS
Suturing was completed by all participants and anchoring with V-Loc was performed by 10 participants. Suturing and anchoring time were significantly shorter with 3D laparoscopic in all participants (suturing time, p=0.011; anchoring time, p=0.005). Significant differences were observed between experienced and minimally experienced surgeons (suture time, p=0.021; anchoring time, p=0.018). There was no significant difference among inexperienced surgical residents, but they preferred 3D imaging over 2D.
CONCLUSION
3D laparoscopy is associated with a significantly shorter time for performance by experienced surgeons. Our results suggest that 3D laparoscopy will be helpful for surgeons conducting laparoscopic procedures.

Keyword

3-D Imaging; Laparoscopy; Cadaver

MeSH Terms

Cadaver*
Depth Perception
Imaging, Three-Dimensional
Laparoscopy*
Outcome Assessment (Health Care)
Surgeons