J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc.  2012 Nov;51(6):349-358.

The Concept of Consilience in the Field of Psychiatry

• Cho SC

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The objective of this paper is to suggest a new model in psychiatry for understanding the psychopathology and to provide a new treatment modality.
METHODS
In this paper, the author attempted to apply the concept of 'Consilience' to the field of psychiatry. Recently, the term 'Consilience' has been very popular and has been used frequently across the various academic fields. The original meaning of 'Consilience' is 'to jump (consilience) together (con). 'Consilience' was first used by William Whewell and Edward Wilson borrowed it to describe the unity of knowledge. In one word, 'Consilience' can be defined as 'to unify every field of knowledge and science to understand the human being and to improve the life of human being'.
RESULTS
First, the human being by itself is the integrative being and consilient. Second, the developmental processes of psychiatry show that there are three definite developmental phases, including 'period of Consilience', 'period of diverse development', and 'reappearance of period of Consilience'. Third, in terms of historical perspective, the basic attitudes of religion have been closely associated with the basic concept of psychiatry. Finally, the treatment modalities in psychiatry show that integrative methods, including biological, psychological, social, and spiritual treatment have been applied.
CONCLUSION
Based on these findings, the 'Bio-Psycho-Socio-Spiritual Model' is suggested to apply the concept of 'Consilience' to the field of psychiatry.

Keyword

Consilience; Bio-Psycho-Socio-Spiritual Model; Psychiatry

MeSH Terms

Humans
Psychopathology

Reference

1. Choi JC, Jang DI. Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge. 2005. Seoul: Science Books;11–12. 20–21.

2. Kim KW. Kim KW, Hong SW, Chang HI, Lee JM, Choi JC, Mun DW, editors. The Acaddemic Fields of 21 Century- Where do we get the knowledge? What do we study in the future? 2009. Seoul: Saenggak yui Namu;15–35.

3. Mun SY. At the Lecture in Religion Forum. 2009.

4. Lewis DA. Sadock B, Sadock V, editors. Functional Neuroanatomy. Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. 2000. 7th ed. New York: Lippincott Wiliams & Wilkins.

5. Sung W. Sung W, Kim SS, Mun MS, editors. What is Human Being? The Human Being, Abyss. 1998. Seoul: Chulhakgwahyunsilsa;11–33.

6. Lee YK. Lee YK, editor. Eros and Psyche. Greek and Roman Myth of Lee YK. 2001. Seoul: Woongjindotcom;118–119.

7. Paskal World Encyclopedia. 1996. Seoul: Dongsurmunhwas.

8. Bahn DJ. The Discovery of Hippocrates. 2005. Seoul: Humanist;19. 24.

9. Park IB. Park IB, editor. Sukjidukil. Laozi, Daodejing. 1993. Seoul: Ryookmoonsa;122–125.

10. Hahn YD. Changtzu Naepyun. 1992. Seoul: Hongshinmunhwasa.

11. Lee ZN. Lee ZN, editor. Jung and Eastern Thought. Jungian Psychology and Eastern Thought. 2005. Seoul: Hanayuihaksa;107–126.

12. Park MK, Park YK. Hur June, Dongyuibogam. 1994. Seoul: Hakreuckchulpansa.

13. Yang BH. Introduction to Psychopathology. 2010. Seoul: Jungangmunhwasa;1314–24. 37387374

14. Jeong TY, Jo EY. Fifty Key Thinkers in Psychology. 2009. Seoul: Hakjisa.

15. Yang BH, Moon HS. Karl Jaspers and General Psychopathology. Korean J Psychopathol. 1992. 1:12–21.

16. Korean Neuropsychiatric Association. Neuropsychiatry. 2005. 2nd ed. Seoul: Jungangmunhwasa.

17. Engel GL. The need for a new medical model: a challenge for biomedicine. Science. 1977. 196:129–136.

18. Goodman A. Organic unity theory: an integrative mind-body theory for psychiatry. Theor Med. 1997. 18:357–378.

19. Park MC. The life and work of Sigmund Freud. J Korean Psychoanal Soc. 2007. 18:3–13.

20. Lee MS. Psychoanalysis and its experimental sesearches. J Korean Psychoanal Soc. 2004. 15:21–32.

21. Morokoff PJ. Effects of sex guilt, repression, sexual "arousability," and sexual experience on female sexual arousal during erotica and fantasy. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1985. 49:177–187.

22. Kandel ER. Psychotherapy and the single synapse. The impact of psychiatric thought on neurobiologic research. N Engl J Med. 1979. 301:1028–1037.

23. Viinamäki H, Kuikka J, Tiihonen J, Lehtonen J. Change in monoamine transporter density related to clinical recovery: a case-control study. Nord J Psychiatry. 1998. 52:39–44.

24. Rhi BY. Analytical Psychology. 1998. Seoul: Iljogak;326.

25. Hyden OQ. The Christian's Handbook of Psychiatry. 1973. Old Tappan: Spire Books.

26. Johnson DR, Westermeyer J. Boehnlein JK, editor. Psychiatric Therapies Influenced by Religious Movements. Psychiatry and Religion- The Convergence of Mind and Spirit. 2000. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press Inc.;87–108.

27. American Psychaitric Assocaition. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Textbook Revision (DSM-IV-TR). 2000. 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychaitric Assocaition.

28. Lukoff D, Lu FG, Yang CP. Lukoff D, Lu FG, Yang CP, editors. DSM-IV Religious and Spiritual Problems. Religious and Spiritual Issues in Psychiatric Diagnosis. 2011. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.;171–198.

29. Blazer DG. Spirituality and Depression. In Religious and Spiritual Issues in Psychiatric Diagnosis. 2011. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.;1–22.

30. Kapogiannis D, Barbey AK, Su M, Krueger F, Grafman J. Neuroanatomical variability of religiosity. PLoS One. 2009. 4:e7180.

31. Schjoedt U, Stødkilde-Jørgensen H, Geertz AW, Roepstorff A. Highly religious participants recruit areas of social cognition in personal prayer. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2009. 4:199–207.

32. Urgesi C, Aglioti SM, Skrap M, Fabbro F. The spiritual brain: selective cortical lesions modulate human self-transcendence. Neuron. 2010. 65:309–319.

33. Dapretto M, Davies MS, Pfeifer JH, Scott AA, Sigman M, Bookheimer SY, et al. Understanding emotions in others: mirror neuron dysfunction in children with autism spectrum disorders. Nat Neurosci. 2006. 9:28–30.