J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc.  2012 Sep;51(5):255-262.

Relationships between Cigarette Smoking and Socio-Demographic and Clinical Characteristics in Patients with Schizophrenia in South Korea

• Cho DH
• Na KS
• Kim YS
• Yoon JS
• Ahn YM
• Lee JI
• Han JH
• Kim JW
• Ryu SG
• Min KJ
• Park KC
• Kim CE

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
In patients with schizophrenia, the prevalence of smoking is significantly higher than that of the general population. This study aimed to evaluate the relationships between cigarette smoking and socio-demographic and clinical characteristics in patients with schizophrenia in South Korea.
METHODS
Post analysis of 2008-2009 three multi-center studies on the paliperidone extended-release switching was performed. A total of 509 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia were recruited and interviewed regarding socio-demographic variables, smoking characteristics. Krawiecka Scale, Clinical Global Impression-Schizophrenia-Severity, Clinical Global Impression-Schizophrenia-Improvement, and Personal and Social Performance Scale were used to evaluate psychological disturbance. Safety assessments included adverse events, evaluation of extrapyramidal symptoms using the Drug Induced Extra Pyramidal Symptoms Scale, and laboratory tests.
RESULTS
The results revealed that the prevalence of smoking in Korean patients with schizophrenia is significantly higher than that of the general population. Male, patients with occupation, and paranoid type showed higher rate of smoking and smokers with schizophrenia had higher rates of overweight, thick waist, high blood pressure than non-smokers with schizophrenia. The results revealed that smokers with schizophrenia had higher rating scales of negative and cognitive symptoms.
CONCLUSION
From this study, we reported significant relationships between cigarette smoking and socio-demographic and clinical characteristics in patients with schizophrenia in South Korea. More studies will be needed to evaluate the association between cigarette consumption and schizophrenia, effect of smoking according to the antipsychotics, mechanism of nicotine on schizophrenia.

Keyword

Schizophrenia; Cigarrette; Smoking; Negative symptom; Cognitive symptom

MeSH Terms

Antipsychotic Agents
Humans
Hypertension
Isoxazoles
Male
Neurobehavioral Manifestations
Nicotine
Occupations
Overweight
Prevalence
Pyrimidines
Republic of Korea
Schizophrenia
Smoke
Smoking
Tobacco Products
Weights and Measures
Antipsychotic Agents
Isoxazoles
Nicotine
Pyrimidines
Smoke

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Comparison of CGI-SCH-S between smokers and non-smokers with schizophrenia. ANCOVA test was performed. Adjusted for age, gender and occupation. * : p value<0.05. CGI-SCH-S : Clinical global impression-schizophrenia-severity, ANCOVA : Analysis of covariance.

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