J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc.
2005 Jul;44(4):511-517.
The Differences of Psychopathology and Executive Functions According to Intelligence Level in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Affiliations
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- 1Simon Mental Hospital, Chilgok, Korea. annemyanne@hanmail.net
- 2Department of Psychiatry, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
- 3Department of Psychiatry, Dongguk Universivity College of Medicine, Kyungju, Korea.
- 4Department of Psychiatry, Pochon Cha University College of Medicine, Gumi, Korea.
Abstract
- To investigate psychopathology and executive functions of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children according to intelligence level, this study included 197 ADHD children who visited the outpatient department of neuropsychiatry of YeungNam University Medical Center, from July 2000 to June 2002. The children were divided into groups based on their intelligence levels. They were compared by the Personality Inventory for Children (PIC), Conncers' Continuous Performence Test (CPT), and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). There were significant differences in PIC, on the subscales of verbal development, socialization and autism. In the CPT, there was no significant difference. In the WCST, there were significant differences in the total number of errors, the number of perseverative errors, the number of completed categories and the number of trials needed to complete the first category. Considering these results, the intelligence level of ADHD children is related to their disabilities and behavioral symptoms. Executive functions such as abstract thinking, categorization, working memory and flexibility had significant relationship to the intelligence levels of ADHD children. Therefore, the intelligence level of children with ADHD influences the higher executive functions of regulating attention and information processing rather than attentional functions and capacity alone.
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