1. Baumgaertel F, Buhl M, Rahn BA. Fracture healing in biological plate osteosynthesis. Injury. 1998. 29:Suppl 3. C3–C6.
Article
2. Blauth M, Bastian L, Krettek C, Knop C, Evans S. Surgical options for the treatment of severe tibial pilon fractures: a study of three techniques. J Orthop Trauma. 2001. 15:153–160.
Article
3. Bone LB. Fractures of the tibial plafond. The pilon fracture. Orthop Clin North Am. 1987. 18:95–104.
Article
4. Bone L, Stegemann P, McNamara K, Seibel R. External fixation of severely comminuted and open tibial pilon fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1993. (292):101–107.
Article
5. Borens O, Kloen P, Richmond J, Roederer G, Levine DS, Helfet DL. Minimally invasive treatment of pilon fractures with a low profile plate: preliminary results in 17 cases. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2009. 129:649–659.
Article
6. Bourne RB. Pylon fractures of the distal tibia. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1989. (240):42–46.
Article
7. Burwell HN, Charnley AD. The treatment of displaced fractures at the ankle by rigid internal fixation and early joint movement. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1965. 47:634–660.
Article
8. Coonrad RW. Fracture-dislocations of the ankle joint with impaction injury of the lateral weight-bearing surface of the tibia. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1970. 52:1337–1344.
Article
9. Destot E. Traumatismes du pied et rayons: X. Malleles, astragale, calcaneum, avant-pied. 1911. Paris: Masson;1–10.
10. Mast JW, Spiegel PG, Pappas JN. Fractures of the tibial pilon. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1988. (230):68–82.
11. Mast JW, Teipner WA. A reproducible approach to the internal fixation of adult ankle fractures: rationale, technique, and early results. Orthop Clin North Am. 1980. 11:661–679.
Article
12. Ovadia DN, Beals RK. Fractures of the tibial plafond. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1986. 68:543–551.
Article
13. Patterson MJ, Cole JD. Two-staged delayed open reduction and internal fixation of severe pilon fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 1999. 13:85–91.
14. Pierce RO Jr, Heinrich JH. Comminuted intra-articular fractures of the distal tibia. J Trauma. 1979. 19:828–832.
15. Rommens PM, Claes P, De Boodt P, Stappaerts KH, Broos PL. Therapeutic procedure and long-term results in tibial pilon fracture in relation to primary soft tissue damage. Unfallchirurg. 1994. 97:39–46.
Article
16. Rüedi TP, Allgöwer M. The operative treatment of intra-articular fractures of the lower end of the tibia. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1979. (138):105–110.
Article
17. Shin HK, Choi JY, Lee JW. Treatment of the pilon fracture involving tibial shaft using two staged MIPO technique. J Korean Foot Ankle Soc. 2006. 10:184–189.
18. Takakura Y, Tanaka Y, Kumai T, Tamai S. Low tibial osteotomy for osteoarthritis of the ankle. Results of a new operation in 18 patients. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1995. 77:50–54.
19. Teeny SM, Wiss DA. Open reduction and internal fixation of tibial plafond fractures. Variables contributing to poor results and complications. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1993. (292):108–117.
20. Tscherne H, Gotzen L. Tscherne H, Gotzen L, editors. External articular transfixation of joint injuries with severe soft tissue damage. Fractures with soft tissue injuries. 1984. Berlin: Springer-Verlag;103–117.