J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg.  2014 Jun;40(3):111-116.

Temporomandibular joint dislocation: experiences from Zaria, Nigeria

• Agbara R
• Fomete B
• Obiadazie
• Idehen K
• Okeke U

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Dislocation of the temporomandibular joint may occur for various reasons. Although different invasive methods have been advocated for its treatment, this study highlights the value of non-invasive treatment options even in chronic cases in a resource-poor environment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A seven-year retrospective analysis of all patients managed for temporomandibular joint dislocation in our department was undertaken. Patient demographics, risk factors associated with temporomandibular joint dislocation and treatment modalities were retrieved from patient records.
RESULTS
In all, 26 patients were managed over a seven-year period. Males accounted for 62% of the patients, and yawning was the most frequent etiological factor. Conservative treatment methods were used successfully in 86.4% of the patients managed. Two (66.7%) of the three patients who needed surgical treatment developed complications, while only one (5.3%) patient who was managed conservatively developed complications.
CONCLUSION
Temporomandibular joint dislocation appears to be associated with male sex, middle age, yawning, and low socio-economic status, although these observed relationships were not statistically significant. Non-invasive methods remain an effective treatment option in this environment in view of the low socio-economic status of the patients affected.

Keyword

Temporomandibular joint; Dislocations; Yawning; Zaria

MeSH Terms

Demography
Dislocations*
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Nigeria*
Retrospective Studies
Risk Factors
Temporomandibular Joint*
Yawning

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Sex distribution of patients in the study.

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  Fig. 2 Class III malocclusion following bilateral temporomandibular joint dislocation.

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  Fig. 3 Treatment type used in the management of patients. (IMF: intermaxillary fixation, VSSO: vertical subsigmoid osteotomy, BBT: bite block traction)

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  Fig. 4 Bite block traction for reduction of bilateral temporomandibular joint dislocation.

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  Fig. 5 Anesthetic technique used in treatment of patients. (GA: general anesthesia, LA: local anesthesia, IV: intravenous)

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  Fig. 6 Restoration of normal occlusion following bite block traction. Note the upper lip injury from wire trauma.

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