J Nurs Acad Soc.  1994 Sep;24(3):432-447.

A phenomenologic study on the stresses and the experiences of pregnant women and postpartum mothers who had immigrated to the United States

• Cho YS

Abstract

Koreans are one of the fastest growing immigrant groups in America. Adjusting to life in foreign country produces a great deal of stress. Differences in culture, language, expectation and social behavior can lead to misunderstandings. The pregnancy and delivery event is one of maturational crisis in life cycle. The purpose of this research was to understand the structure of the lived experience of pregnant women and postpartum mothers who had immigrated to the United States. The research question was "What is the structure of the experience of pregnant women and postpartal mothers?" The sample consisted of 16 women registrated at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of one local clinic in Hawaii. The unstructured interviews were carried out from Jnuary 5, through January, 30, 1994. They were audio-recorded and analyzed using Van Kaam's method. There are different views on the causative factors of stress. Maladjustcment to the immigrant life, spousal conflicts, anxiety related to bringing up the baby and conflicts between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law are considered to be related factors. The experiences of pregnant women over the period of the pregnancy can be varied and can include change of body image, emotional and physical change. The experiences of postpartum mothers over the postpartum period can be varied and can include postpartum depression, emotional irritability, fear related to bringing up the baby and disappointment with husband. Positive experiences over the period of pregnancy and postpartum were the strengthening beliefs. Sources of support were, first, spouse then mother and faith. Support was also received from the physician in charge and through self-control. The nurse, by providing empathetic support, should be a person with whom they can express their feelings and share their experiences.

MeSH Terms

Americas
Anxiety
Body Image
Depression, Postpartum
Emigrants and Immigrants
Female
Gynecology
Hawaii
Humans
Life Cycle Stages
Mothers*
Obstetrics
Postpartum Period*
Pregnancy
Pregnant Women*
Social Behavior
Spouses
United States*