Tuberc Respir Dis.  2009 Jun;66(6):444-450.

The Role and Significance of Biomarker for Plasma G-CSF in Patients with Primary Lung Cancer

• Song JS
• Kim SY
• Jo HJ
• Lee KK
• Shin JH
• Shin SN
• Kim D
• Park SH
• Lee YJ
• Ko CB
• Lee MK
• Choi SH
• Jeong JH
• Park JH
• Kim HJ
• Kim HR
• Jeong ET
• Yang SH

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Biomarkers for cancer have several potential clinical uses, including the following: early cancer detection, monitoring for recurrence prognostication, and risk stratification. However, no biomarker has been shown to have adequate sensitivity and specificity. Many investigators have tried to validate biomarkers for the early detection and recurrence of lung cancer. To evaluate plasma G-CSF as such a biomarker, protein levels were measured and were found to correlate with the clinicopathological features of primary lung tumors.
METHODS
Between December 2006 and May 2008, 100 patients with histologically-validated primary lung cancer were enrolled into this study. To serve as controls, 127 healthy volunteers were enrolled into this study. Plasma G-CSF levels were measured in lung cancer patients using the sandwich ELISA system (R & D inc.) prior to treatment.
RESULTS
The mean plasma G-CSF levels were 12.2+/-0.3 pg/mL and 46.0+/-3.8 pg/mL (mean+/-SE) in the normal and in the cancer groups, respectively. In addition, plasma G-CSF levels were higher in patients with early lung cancer than in healthy volunteers (p<.001). Plasma G-CSF levels were higher in patients who were under 65 years old or smokers. Within the cancer group, plasma G-CSF levels were higher in patients with non small cell lung cancer than in patients with small cell lung cancer (p<.05). Overall, plasma G-CSF levels were shown to increase dependent upon the type of lung cancer diagnsosed. In the order from highest to lowest, the levels of plasma G-CSF tended to decrease in the following order: large cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. Plasma G-CSF levels tended to be higher in patients with advanced TNM stage than in localized TNM stage (I, IICONCLUSION
Plasma G-CSF level were significantly increased in patients with lung cancer, and in especially advanced TNM stage. These results suggest that plasma G-CSF can be used to support the diagnostic process of lung cancer staging and as an indicator of metastasis.

Keyword

Biological markers; Lung neoplasms; Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; Metastasis

MeSH Terms

Adenocarcinoma
Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar
Adrenal Glands
Biomarkers
Carcinoma, Large Cell
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor
Humans
Lung
Lung Neoplasms
Neoplasm Metastasis
Plasma
Recurrence
Research Personnel
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor

Figure

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  Figure 1 Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve for plasma G-CSF concentration. There were ROC curve for plasma G-CSF of lung cancer and normal person. When plasma G-CSF's cut-off value was 21 pg/mL, we determinated sensitivity was 90%, and specificity was 99%.

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