Restor Dent Endod.  2014 Nov;39(4):296-302. 10.5395/rde.2014.39.4.296.

Bond strength of resin cement to CO2 and Er:YAG laser-treated zirconia ceramic

• Kasraei S
• Rezaei-Soufi L
• Heidari B
• Vafaee F

• KMID: 2316911
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2014.39.4.296

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
It is difficult to achieve adhesion between resin cement and zirconia ceramics using routine surface preparation methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of CO2 and Er:YAG laser treatment on the bond strength of resin cement to zirconia ceramics.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this in-vitro study 45 zirconia disks (6 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness) were assigned to 3 groups (n = 15). In control group (CNT) no laser treatment was used. In groups COL and EYL, CO2 and Er:YAG lasers were used for pretreatment of zirconia surface, respectively. Composite resin disks were cemented on zirconia disk using dual-curing resin cement. Shear bond strength tests were performed at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min after 24 hr distilled water storage. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's HSD tests.
RESULTS
The means and standard deviations of shear bond strength values in the EYL, COL and CNT groups were 8.65 +/- 1.75, 12.12 +/- 3.02, and 5.97 +/- 1.14 MPa, respectively. Data showed that application of CO2 and Er:YAG lasers resulted in a significant higher shear bond strength of resin cement to zirconia ceramics (p < 0.0001). The highest bond strength was recorded in the COL group (p < 0.0001). In the CNT group all the failures were adhesive. However, in the laser groups, 80% of the failures were of the adhesive type.
CONCLUSIONS
Pretreatment of zirconia ceramic via CO2 and Er:YAG laser improves the bond strength of resin cement to zirconia ceramic, with higher bond strength values in the CO2 laser treated samples.

Keyword

CO2 laser; Er:YAG laser; Resin cement; Zirconium oxide

MeSH Terms

Adhesives
Ceramics*
Lasers, Gas
Resin Cements*
Water
Adhesives
Ceramics
Resin Cements
Water

Figure

• 

  Figure 1 Scanning electron microscopic view of zirconia surface in the control group. (a) ×1,000; (b) ×5,000.

• 

  Figure 2 Scanning electron microscopic view of CO2 laser-treated zirconia surface, revealing a rough scaly surface with microcracks. (a) ×1,000; (b) ×5,000.

• 

  Figure 3 Scanning electron microscopic view of Er:YAG laser-treated zirconia surface, revealing a rough surface without microcracks. (a) ×1,000; (b) ×5,000.

Reference

1. Vagkopoulou T, Koutayas SO, Koidis P, Strub JR. Zirconia in dentistry: Part 1. Discovering the nature of an upcoming bioceramic. Eur J Esthet Dent. 2009; 4:130–151.

2. Christel P, Meunier A, Heller M, Torre JP, Peille CN. Mechanical properties and short-term in-vivo evaluation of yttrium-oxide-partially-stabilized zirconia. J Biomed Mater Res. 1989; 23:45–61.

3. Hayashi K, Matsuguchi N, Uenoyama K, Sugioka Y. Reevaluation of the biocompatibility of bioinert ceramics in vivo. Biomaterials. 1992; 13:195–200.

4. Taira M, Nomura Y, Wakasa K, Yamaki M, Matsui A. Studies on fracture toughness of dental ceramics. J Oral Rehabil. 1990; 17:551–563.

5. Blatz MB. Long-term clinical success of all ceramic posterior restorations. Quintessence Int. 2002; 33:415–426.

6. Ernst CP, Cohnen U, Stender E, Willershausen B. In vitro retentive strength of zirconium oxide ceramic crowns using different luting agents. J Prosthet Dent. 2005; 93:551–558.

7. Palacios RP, Johnson GH, Phillips KM, Raigrodski AJ. Retention of zirconium oxide ceramic crowns with three types of cement. J Prosthet Dent. 2006; 96:104–114.

8. Rosenstiel SF, Land MF, Crispin BJ. Dental luting agents: a review of the current literature. J Prosthet Dent. 1998; 80:280–301.

9. Piwowarczyk A, Lauer HC, Sorensen JA. The shear bond strength between luting cements and zirconia ceramics after two pre-treatments. Oper Dent. 2005; 30:382–388.

10. Burke FJ, Fleming GJ, Nathanson D, Marquis PM. Are adhesive technologies needed to support ceramics? An assessment of the current evidence. J Adhes Dent. 2002; 4:7–22.

11. Blatz MB, Sadan A, Kern M. Resin-ceramic bonding: a review of the literature. J Prosthet Dent. 2003; 89:268–274.

12. Cavalcanti AN, Pilecki P, Foxton RM, Watson TF, Oliveira MT, Gianinni M, Marchi GM. Evaluation of the surface roughness and morphologic features of Y-TZP ceramics after different surface treatments. Photomed Laser Surg. 2009; 27:473–479.

13. Blatz MB, Sadan A, Martin J, Lang B. In vitro evaluation of shear bond strengths of resin to densely-sintered high-purity zirconium-oxide ceramic after long-term storage and thermal cycling. J Prosthet Dent. 2004; 91:356–362.

14. Tanaka R, Fujishima A, Shibata Y, Manabe A, Miyazaki T. Cooperation of phosphate monomer and silica modification on zirconia. J Dent Res. 2008; 87:666–670.

15. Wolfart M, Lehmann F, Wolfart S, Kern M. Durability of the resin bond strength to zirconia ceramic after using different surface conditioning methods. Dent Mater. 2007; 23:45–50.

16. Blatz MB. Adhesive cementation of high-strength ceramics. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2007; 19:238–239.

17. Ural Ç, Külünk T, Külünk Ş, Kurt M. The effect of laser treatment on bonding between zirconia ceramic surface and resin cement. Acta Odontol Scand. 2010; 68:354–359.

18. Casucci A, Mazzitelli C, Monticelli F, Toledano M, Osorio R, Osorio E, Papacchini F, Ferrari M. Morphological analysis of three zirconium oxide ceramics: effect of surface treatments. Dent Mater. 2010; 26:751–760.

19. Akyil MS, Uzun IH, Bayindir F. Bond strength of resin cement to yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia ceramic treated with air abrasion, silica coating, and laser irradiation. Photomed Laser Surg. 2010; 28:801–808.

20. Paranhos MP, Burnett LH Jr, Magne P. Effect of Nd:YAG laser and CO₂ laser treatment on the resin bond strength to zirconia ceramic. Quintessence Int. 2011; 42:79–89.

21. Akın H, Ozkurt Z, Kırmalı O, Kazazoglu E, Ozdemir AK. Shear bond strength of resin cement to zirconia ceramic after aluminum oxide sandblasting and various laser treatments. Photomed Laser Surg. 2011; 29:797–802.

22. Foxton RM, Cavalcanti AN, Nakajima M, Pilecki P, Sherriff M, Melo L, Watson TF. Durability of resin cement bond to aluminium oxide and zirconia ceramics after air abrasion and laser treatment. J Prosthodont. 2011; 20:84–92.

23. Ural C, KalyoncuoĞlu E, Balkaya V. The effect of different power outputs of carbon dioxide laser on bonding between zirconia ceramic surface and resin cement. Acta Odontol Scand. 2012; 70:541–546.

24. Yoshida K, Tsuo Y, Atsuta M. Bonding of dual-cured resin cement to zirconia ceramic using phosphate acid ester monomer and zirconate coupler. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2006; 77:28–33.

25. Atsu SS, Kilicarslan MA, Kucukesmen HC, Aka PS. Effect of zirconium-oxide ceramic surface treatments on the bond strength to adhesive resin. J Prosthet Dent. 2006; 95:430–436.

26. Silva LH, Costa AK, Queiroz JR, Bottino MA, Valandro LF. Ceramic primer heat-treatment effect on resin cement/Y-TZP bond strength. Oper Dent. 2012; 37:634–640.

27. Akin H, Tugut F, Akin GE, Guney U, Mutaf B. Effect of Er:YAG laser application on the shear bond strength and microleakage between resin cements and Y-TZP ceramics. Lasers Med Sci. 2012; 27:333–338.

28. Ersu B, Yuzugullu B, Ruya Yazici A, Canay S. Surface roughness and bond strengths of glass-infiltrated alumina-ceramics prepared using various surface treatments. J Dent. 2009; 37:848–856.

29. Lin Y, Song X, Chen Y, Zhu Q, Zhang W. Effect of Er:YAG laser irradiation on bonding property of zirconia ceramics to resin cement. Photomed Laser Surg. 2013; 31:619–625.

30. Demir N, Subaşi MG, Ozturk AN. Surface roughness and morphologic changes of zirconia following different surface treatments. Photomed Laser Surg. 2012; 30:339–345.

31. Erdem A, Akar GC, Erdem A, Kose T. Effects of different surface treatments on bond strength between resin cements and zirconia ceramics. Oper Dent. 2014; 39:e118–e127.

32. Usumez A, Hamdemirci N, Kotoglu BY, Simsek I, Parlar O, Sari T. Bond strength of resin cement to zirconia ceramic with different surface treatments. Lasers Med Sci. 2013; 28:259–266.